Short-range order in some polymer melts from X-ray diffraction

Wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on polymer melts of isotactic and syndiotactic polypropylene (IPP and SPP), poly(ethylenepropylene) (PEP), polystyrene (PS), polyisobutylene (PIB), and polyethylene (PE), to study the dependence of the short-range structure of polymer liquids on chain architecture. Total structure functions, which comprise intra- and intermolecular contributions, were derived from the scattering data. The trivial Fourier components of the intramolecular structure (C(SINGLE BOND)>C ≃ 1.54 Å and C(SINGLE BOND)C(SINGLE BOND)C ≃ 2.55 Å) were subtracted from the total structure functions. The remaining functions contain only those intramolecular contributions dependent on the chain's conformational degrees of freedom, plus the intramolecular contributions. The structural differences between the polymers in momentum space are discerned only when the trivial components are subtracted. This subtraction also reduces the effects of truncation errors on Fourier transformation to real space. The short-range structure of PIB appears very different compared to all the others, which correlates with anomalies in a number of physical properties for this polymer. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

An end‐to‐end alternative to TCP PEPs: Initial Spreading,a TCP fast start‐up mechanism

While Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP) solutions have long been undisputed to solve the inherent satellite problems, the improvement of the regular end‐to‐end TCP congestion avoidance algorithms and the recent emphasis on the PEPs drawbacks have opened the question of the PEPs sustainability. Nevertheless, with a vast majority of Internet connections shorter than ten segments, TCP PEPs continue to be required to counter the poor efficiency of the end‐to‐end TCP start‐up mechanisms. To reduce the PEPs dependency, designing a new fast start‐up TCP mechanism is therefore a major concern. But, while enlarging the Initial Window (IW) up to ten segments is, without any doubt, the fastest solution to deal with a short‐lived connection in an uncongested network, numerous researchers are concerned about the impact of the large initial burst on an already congested network. Based on traffic observations and real experiments, Initial Spreading has been designed to remove those concerns whatever the load and type of networks. It offers performance similar to a large IW in uncongested network and outperforms existing end‐to‐end solutions in congested networks. In this paper, we show that Initial Spreading, taking care of the satellite specificities, is an efficient end‐to‐end alternative to the TCP PEPs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Performance analysis of next generation web access via satellite

Responsiveness is a critical metric for web performance. Recent work in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has resulted in a new set of web protocols, including definition of the hypertext transfer protocol version 2 (HTTP/2) and a corresponding set of TCP updates. Together, these have been designed to reduce the web page download latency compared with HTTP/1.1. This paper describes the main features of the new protocols and discusses the impact of path delay on their expected performance. It then presents a set of tests to evaluate whether current implementations of the new protocols can offer benefit with an operational satellite access network and suggests how the specifications can evolve and be tuned to further enhance performance for long network paths. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于策略的新一代IP网管

文章首先介绍基于策略的网管概念及其体系结构,然后对相关协议COPS进行详细介绍,并将它与SNMP协议进行比较,最后指出了PBN的局限性及其发展趋势。     

衰落信道的空间相关性对空时编码性能的影响分析

研究空时编码的一个重要的基本假设就是各衰落信道互相独立,这一点在实际应用环境中不尽满足.本文首先详细推导了多发射天线、多接收天线间的瑞利衰落信道存在空间相关性的条件下,空时编码的成对错误概率的精确表达式,并基于此分析了其误码率性能,最后给出的空间相关条件下的空时分组编码的误码率性能仿真,验证了理论分析的有效性,同时可以得到已知信道状态信息的空时编码的相关检测方案对空间相关具有较强的鲁棒性的结论.     

The Economical PAPR Minization Scheme for Combinative Coding Technique Applied OFDM Communication System

In this paper, we propose a new combinative scheme to combine with parity check and block coding methods for the reduction of the peak to average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. In the proposed schemes, the simulation results shown that Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) can be reduced by 3.502 dB. The results of this mapped can be shown that PAPR is reduced. The principle of the scheme is illustrated with the specific example of an eight-carriers signal and its computer simulation results. All simulation results have compare with ideal channel case and AWGN case separately; both of cases are shown the PAPR reduced indeed. Do Horng Guo received his B.S. Degree in Electronic Engineering from National Taiwan Marine Science University, Keelung, Taiwan, in 1983, and M.S. Degree in Computer Communication from Northrop University, Los Angeles, USA, in 1986. He is enrolled in Ph.D program in Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering of Tatung University from 2001. His current interest includes wireless communication system and digital signal processing. Chau-Yun Hsu received his B.S. degree M.S. and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Tatung Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, in 1981, 1983 and 1988, respectively. He was the lecturer in Department of Electrical Engineering of Tatung University from 1983 to 1985. From 1988 to 1997, he served as the Associate professor of Tatung University. Since 1998, he has been the Chair Professor of Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering of Tatung University. Now he is also the chair of department of Electrical Engineering of Tatung University. His current interest includes Wireless Channel Model and Estimation, Machine Learning, Digital Signal Processing and Image Processing.     

Smart Enhancement of TCP Performance Over Lossy WLAN Channels Through the Combined Use of Link Layer Techniques

This paper shows an important enhancement of TCP behavior over the IEEE 802.11b Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) if a combination of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme and a Snoop agent is added to the idle Repeat reQuest (RQ) mechanism inherently used by such technology. The FEC scheme has been improved with some smart cross-layer optimizations, and its operation adapts to the channel conditions. Besides, the aim of the Snoop agent is to back up the FEC, overcoming the deficiencies of its adaptation, which are mainly due to the high variability of the channel inside a typical office environment. A complete experimental approach has been followed, and exhaustive measurement campaigns have been carried out over a real platform to derive a large number of performance parameters. Both methods have been implemented as modules belonging to a generic layer-two Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP).     

中继终端设备的天地网关功能设计与性能测试

近年来,空间网络协议大力发展,CCSDS空间网络协议体系已成为事实上的标准。基于跟踪与数据中继卫星系统（TDRSS）地面站中低速中继终端设备进行相应改造,增加网关路由板卡,加载CCSDS空间传输协议软件,将原来的中低速中继终端设备改造成带有路由网关功能的中低速中继终端设备。在此基础上,采用两台增加路由网关功能的中低速中继终端设备以及信道模拟器搭建天地网络演示验证系统,并分别对采用TCP协议和PEP增强协议作为传输层协议的HTTP应用进行了性能分析比对,证明PEP增强协议更能适应天地网络传输。     

一种准优化PAPR编码在OFDM系统中的应用

本文提出了一种较简单的适用于高速率正交频分复用(OFDM)传输系统的准优化峰均功率比(PAPR)编码方案.方案中不仅给出了优良码字的寻找方法,还阐述和证明了峰值包络功率(PEP)不随码字的循环移位和翻转而改变的特性.本文提出的编码算法主要由选择优良码字、码字的循环移位和码字的翻转三部分组成.计算机仿真的结果显示该编码能够获得与最小化编码相似的传输可靠性,但是码率却得到了一定的改善,方法也更简单些.     

在可缩放IP网管中使用元策略来扩展COPS-PR

首先介绍了COPS -PR协议 ,并指出了它的若干缺点 ,然后引入了元策略的概念并例证了怎样使用元策略来克服原有的缺陷。最后 ,本文还介绍了一些COPS -PR协议用以支持元策略的扩展。