The System Profile of Renal Drug Transporters in Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis Model and Consequent Effect on Pharmacokinetics

With the widespread clinical use of drug combinations, the incidence of drug–drug interactions (DDI) has significantly increased, accompanied by a variety of adverse reactions. Drug transporters play an important role in the development of DDI by affecting the elimination process of drugs in vivo, especially in the pathological state. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF) is an inevitable pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end-stage renal disease. Here, the dynamic expression changes of eleven drug transporters in TIF kidney have been systematically investigated. Among them, the mRNA expressions of Oat1, Oat2, Oct1, Oct2, Oatp4C1 and Mate1 were down-regulated, while Oat3, Mrp2, Mrp4, Mdr1-α, Bcrp were up-regulated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between transporters and Creatinine (Cr), OCT2 and MATE1 showed a strong negative correlation with Cr. In contrast, Mdr1-α exhibited a strong positive correlation with Cr. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of cimetidine, ganciclovir, and digoxin, which were the classical substrates for OCT2, MATE1 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp), respectively, have been studied. These results reveal that changes in serum creatinine can indicate changes in drug transporters in the kidney, and thus affect the pharmacokinetics of its substrates, providing useful information for clinical use.     

基于LED照明的线扫描频域OCT成像系统设计

光学相干层析成像技术(Optical Coherence Tomography,OCT)由于其非接触、无损伤、高分辨率等优点,在医学、生物学、材料学等领域有着广泛的应用,开发基于低成本光源照明且快速成像的OCT系统已经成为OCT技术发展的一个重要趋势.论文研究了一种基于LED照明的频域线扫描OCT成像系统,给出了系统的...     

Skin layer detection of optical coherence tomography images

In this paper, we present an image processing algorithm to automatically and more precisely detect the boundary between the main skin layers: stratum corneum, epidermis, and dermis. The aim of the proposed skin layer detection algorithm is to assist the dermatologists to measure the epidermal thickness (ET) for skin diseases diagnosis and also to assist pharmacologists so that they can make a better decision for prescribing according to the advancement of the skin disorders characterized with ET change.     

Design of a PLL with improved locking range and its biomedical applications

This paper describes a phase locked loop employing a low voltage VCO using modified ECL inverter cells. The VCO circuit employed, features a positive feed back scheme to improve the operating frequency. The phase detector used in the PLL also uses a positive feedback scheme to improve the locked range and to reduce supply voltage of operation of the entire circuit. An improvement of locked range of around 35% was obtained from circuit simulation (using PSPICE) as well as from practical circuit, using discrete components. The minimum supply voltage required here is 2.5 volts. Some biomedical applications of this PLL are also proposed.     

OCT图像散斑的形成机理和清除方法

根据光相干层析成像（OCT）的光学和光电检测系统特点，结合现有的理论模型，分析了OCT成像和散斑形成机理。指出失去相干性的多次散射光部分会被滤波电路排除，散斑是由高散射组织相干长度之内的不同散射截面上的若干具有nπ光程差的相干散射光彼此叠加形成的。最后讨论了消除散斑的方法。     

Developing CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Fluorescent Reporter Human Pluripotent Stem-Cell Lines for High-Content Screening

Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to knock in fluorescent proteins to endogenous genes of interest in human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has the potential to facilitate hPSC-based disease modeling, drug screening, and optimization of transplantation therapy. To evaluate the capability of fluorescent reporter hPSC lines for high-content screening approaches, we targeted EGFP to the endogenous OCT4 locus. Resulting hPSC–OCT4–EGFP lines generated expressed EGFP coincident with pluripotency markers and could be adapted to multi-well formats for high-content screening (HCS) campaigns. However, after long-term culture, hPSCs transiently lost their EGFP expression. Alternatively, through EGFP knock-in to the AAVS1 locus, we established a stable and consistent EGFP-expressing hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP line that maintained EGFP expression during in vitro hematopoietic and neural differentiation. Thus, hPSC–AAVS1–EGFP-derived sensory neurons could be adapted to a high-content screening platform that can be applied to high-throughput small-molecule screening and drug discovery campaigns. Our observations are consistent with recent findings indicating that high-frequency on-target complexities appear following CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing at the OCT4 locus. In contrast, we demonstrate that the AAVS1 locus is a safe genomic location in hPSCs with high gene expression that does not impact hPSC quality and differentiation. Our findings suggest that the CRISPR/Cas9-integrated AAVS1 system should be applied for generating stable reporter hPSC lines for long-term HCS approaches, and they underscore the importance of careful evaluation and selection of the applied reporter cell lines for HCS purposes.     

小波变换对OCT图像的降噪处理

通过分析光学相干层析成像系统中的噪音源以及不同噪音对成像质量的影响,利用小波变换的方法,结合软阈值滤波对图像去噪,消除噪音对图像的干扰,处理后图像变得清晰了,图像质量得以改善,表明该方法能达到减小图像噪音的目的.     

用数据处理的方法消除扫速不稳对OCT图像的影响

建立了一个光纤结构的扫描延时的光学相关层析成像(OCT)系统。扫描平台速度不稳会影响成像质量。介绍了用付立叶变换方法将采样信号转换到频域处理的过程中,合理选择信号频域分布的质心位置和频带宽度等参数,可消除由于扫速不稳造成的图像失真。     

基于DFB激光器解调技术的光学电流互感器

针对交流电流的测量,提出了一种基于分布式反馈（DFH）激光器解调技术的光学电流互感器（0CT）。OCT的传感部分运用光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）和超磁致伸缩材料（GIⅢ①作为传感器探头,同时应用DFB激光器对FBG进行解凋,实现交流电流的测量。对于这种新型的OCT进行了理论分析和实验研究,实验测得系统传感灵敏度可达到1...     

基于数字图像相关的血管截面变形测试方法

心血管病的发病原因与血管的力学特性密切相关,为精确测量血管截面在不同压强条件下的变形响应,本文将光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)与血管注射加载装置相结合,实现了不同压强条件下血管截面图像的获取;分析了光折射对成像的影响,提出了血管截面OCT图像的纠偏方法;采用数字图像...