浅谈应用标准进行软件测试

国家标准GB T175 44规定了软件包的质量要求及针对这些要求如何对软件包进行测试的细则。质量要求从产品描述、用户文档、程序及数据三个方面进行了规定 ,测试细则依据这些规定制定。ISO IEC912 6 (1991)版由ISO IEC 912 6 (软件产品质量 )和ISO IEC14 5 98(软件产品评测 )两个标准代替 ,ISO IEC912 6表述了软件产品质量的内部质量、外部质量和使用中的质量 ,规定了内部质量、外部质量的六个质量特性 ,并细分为 2 1个子特性 ,使用中的质量规定了四个使用质量特性 ,使用质量是指六个软件产品质量特性的综合效果。进行软件测试时 ,可以依据GB T175 44中的规定组织测试过程再结合ISO IEC912 6中的质量特性及子特性的规定确定测试需求的内容和测试的重点 ,利用ISO IEC912 6质量的规定建立质量评级的标准。     

双极关键工艺的在线统计分析

采用了双极晶体管作为双极工艺的测试结构,将在线工艺的统计分析理论应用于双极工艺,研制了双极工艺的统计分析软件。最后给出了双极工艺的某些分析结果。     

A Noninvasive, on Wafer Method to Determine the Intrinsic Stress of a Polymer Layer

The method described in this paper allows an investigator to determine the intrinsic stress of a polymer layer in a way that does not result in damage to devices or test structures. The method requires that a small area of the polymer be released from the substrate to form a diaphragm. The diaphragm is stimulated with acoustic white noise and the diaphragm movement is monitored with a laser vibrometer. The first few resonance frequencies of the diaphragm are obtained using a laser vibrometer and then those frequencies are used to calculate the membrane intrinsic bi-axial tension.     

NATA: 50 years experience with accreditation

 Laboratory accreditation is becoming increasingly accepted around the world as a means of identifying technically competent laboratories. It is also being used as a mechanism for the acceptance of test data both nationally and internationally. The concept and mechanisms of accreditation have been developed over the past 50 years. The first national laboratory accreditation system appeared in Australia in 1947. This organisation, known as the National Association of Testing Authorities (NATA), has since taken a leading role in developing accreditation practices that are now used world-wide in evaluating testing, measurement and calibration laboratories. This paper examines the development of the world's first and largest laboratory accreditation system, and looks at the difficulties and triumphs in gaining acceptance and recognition by government and industry of the benefits of laboratory accreditation. Received: 24 June 1996 Accepted: 25 June 1996     

综合布线系统的设计、施工及测试

针对综合布线系统工程设计与施工中存在的问题作一简单的归纳，并提出相应的解决办法。其中解决的办法包括几点重要的内容：设计时注意用户的需求和系统的可扩展性，施工时严格按照规范施工，工程结束后要做出详细的测试方案。接地问题和线缆敷设管路的弯曲问题是在施工时很重要的。测试时应测试的内容有：远端串扰、近端串扰、综合近端串扰、结构回波损耗等。     

Dependence of surface morphology of CVD diamond films on deposition conditions

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Controlling the quality of testing

 This article mainly focuses on the testing of products, materials, etc., but the general principles are applicable in a broader perspective. Quality of testing should be judged based on fitness for purpose. This judgement includes both objective and subjective elements. The possibility to make decisions and other professional judgements based on test results alone is discussed and compared with the decisions and judgements being made through the certification and inspection process. Quality, including the uncertainty of the test results, depends on many factors, and in order to make necessary improvements in the testing procedures based on the customers' needs, the right issues should be addressed. The question arises as to whether, in laboratories' quality systems and in the accreditation and certification process, attention is really paid to those factors that are crucial to obtaining reliable results.     

Can the new ISO Guide 25/EN 45001 create better confidence in laboratory operations?

 Confidence in laboratory operations is discussed based on the ongoing revision of the ISO/IEC Guide 25. Confidence is a subjective attribute, which also depends on whose interest is considered. New and better-defined quality systems and technical elements will be included, and these are beneficial to the transparency of laboratory operations, as well as to the accreditation process. The ultimate aim is, of course, to satisfy customers. The testing laboratories' industrial customers are, however, generally unfamiliar with the ISO/IEC Guide 25 and accreditation. The main reason for improved confidence in testing and calibration laboratories is foreseen to come from closer interaction between laboratories and their customers.     

基于卫星导航系统地面段的可靠性测试方法研究

本文对卫星导航系统单机设备和地面运控系统分别作为研究对象进行了研究：根据单机设备的特性，分别研究了成败型测试方法、寿命型测试方法和应力一一强度型测试方法；根据地面运控系统的组成特点，进行了并联系统测试方法研究和串联系统测试方法研究，并在研究基础之上，提出了如何在后续系统研制建设过程中继续加强可靠性测试工作的对策。     

Subtle gate oxide defect elimination to improve the reliability of a 32M-bit SRAM product

Tiny defects may escape from in-line defect scan and pass WAT (Wafer Acceptance Test), CP (Chip Probing), FT (Final Test) and SLT (System Level Test). Chips with such kind of defects will cause reliability problem and impact revenue significantly. It is important to catch the defects and derive the prevention strategy earlier in the technology development stage. In this paper, we investigate an SRAM with tiny defects which passed in-line defect scan, WAT, CP and FT but failed in HTOL (High Temperature Operation Life) test, one of the product reliability qualification items. FA (Failure Analysis) reveals gate oxide missing defect is the root cause. The goal is to pass reliability qualification and release product into production on schedule. The failure mechanism, optimization of gate oxide process, enhancement of defect scan and testing methodology will be introduced. Experiment results show very good HTOL performance by the combination of process and testing optimization.