Metallothionein as a biomarker for mercury in tissues of rat fed orally with cinnabar

Cinnabar, as one of the most widely used mineral drugs in traditional Chinese medicines, has been proven to have prominent curative effects in clinical use for more than 2000 years. But the safety and toxicity of the drug has been under constant debate in clinic usage. Metallothionein (MT) contains about 30% of cysteine in the molecule, and plays an important detoxification role against heavy metals. In this study, it was used as a biomarker to assess mercurial accumulation in rats fed orally with cinnabar. After feeding rats with cinnabar by gastric gavage at different dosages and at different times, the distribution of heavy metals (including mercury, copper and zinc) and MT was investigated among rat tissues, including liver, kidney, heart, brain, testis and blood. Metals and MT determinations were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and a modified mercury saturation assay technique respectively. The results indicated that mercury was easily accumulated in the tissues of rats exposed to cinnabar, especially in kidney. For example: at a feeding dosage of 5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 4 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 13, 8.7, 21.6 and 26 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively; and at 2.5 g kg^?1 (bw) for 2 weeks, the mercury concentrations in kidney were 21, 2.1, 3 and 21 times those in liver, testis, brain and heart respectively. In addition, mercury in kidney and liver of all cinnabar groups was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.01). A high positive correlation observed between MT concentrations and mercury levels in both liver and kidney (R² = 0.9299, P < 0.02 for liver; R² = 0.9923, P < 0.0008 for kidney) indicated that MT could be used as a biomarker for mercury in tissues. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

SGIP扩展协议对通信层计费的处理

对SGIP扩展协议中的通信层计费进行处理,提供相应的指令、功能、要求。介绍了用户鉴权的定义．以及浆权的步骤。讲述3种不同的计费方式,并对计费进行分类,给出相关的字符。论述了消息在SMSC和SP之间传输时的路由选择。     

Optimization of the irradiation power in chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer experiments

In chemical exchange dependent saturation transfer imaging experiments, exchangeable solute protons are saturated and the transfer of saturation to water is subsequently detected. When the applied irradiation power is comparable to the resonance frequency difference between the water protons and saturated solute protons, the proton transfer (PT) efficiency is reduced due to concomitant direct saturation effects. In this study, the PT process is modeled using a two-pool system. An empirical general proton transfer ratio (PTR) equation for arbitrary RF irradiation power is derived, and its optimal power to maximize the PTR is analyzed. The results are confirmed experimentally on 4.7 T using a poly-L-lysine solution. The theory provides a useful tool for optimizing the irradiation power of the PT sequences in the presence of direct saturation effects.     

Advantages of using a modified orthogonal sampling configuration originally designed for LC-ESI-MS to couple CE and MS for the determination of antioxidant phenolic compounds found in virgin olive oil

A ThermoFinnigan sheath liquid flow capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry system designed for coupling via a co-axial interface was coupled through an adapted via an alternative, commercially available interface for orthogonal sampling. The affordable, reversible structural alterations made in the commercial LC-MS interface resulted in improved analytical performance.The results of a conventional capillary electrophoresis (CE) method using a commercial co-axial source to determine antioxidant phenolic acids present in virgin olive oil, were compared with those obtained by using a modified orthogonal sampling position. In both cases, separations were done using a 10 mM ammonium acetate/ammonium hydroxide buffer solution at pH 10.0 and a constant applied voltage of 25 kV. The operating variables for the mass spectrometry interface were re-optimized for the modified orthogonal orientation. This allowed the sheath liquid, sheath gas flow rates and capillary voltage to be lowered with respect to the co-axial coupling configuration. In addition, the orthogonal sampling position provided a higher selectivity by effect of ion sampling excluding larger droplets—with an increased momentum along the axis—which were drained through the sink at the bottom of the ion source. Also, the new configuration facilitated sample ionization, improved electrospray stability and led to stronger signals as a result.The new system was validated in terms of precision (repeatability), linearity, and limits of detection and quantification. A comparison of the validation data with the results previously obtained by using a commercial co-axial configuration revealed the adapted orthogonal sampling position to provide better repeatability in both migration times and relative peak areas (<1% and 7% respectively with n = 15 replicates), a good linear range (with levels in the microgram-per-litre region) and lower limits of detection—especially for the compounds detected with the lowest sensitivity when co-axial ESI was used, as HFA, GEN, FER and VAN finding LOD among 24-3.0 μg L⁻¹ respectively.     

DTMF信号收、发芯片 MT8888原理及应用

MT8888芯片是MITEL公司采用CMOS工艺生产的一种低功耗、高集成度的DTMF信号收、发芯片，它可方便地与微机接口。文中介绍了MT8888的主要功能结构及控制指令，给出了它的具体应用电路。     

广义多载波CDMA技术研究

本文描述了几种不同的多载波CDMA技术 ,并将这几种技术统一成一种格式 ,这被称为广义多载波CD MA ,并给出了仿真结果     

基于MT8880的家庭自动报警终端的设计

本文论述了利用MT8880实现电话自动报警的基本原理,重点介绍了家庭自动报警终端的硬件与软件设计,并给出了硬件设计电路图和部分程序。     

三移动网合一——以体制创新带动西部IT产业的跨越式发展

随着人类生活的高速化、信息化和移动化 ,包括个人视讯 (信息或娱乐 )在内的多媒体移动通信将成为人们不可或缺的生活需要。在移动的情况下 ,一切视讯 /通信都应是一个有机的整体 ,必然要求“三移动网含一”。又由于在移动网的情形下 ,技术最新、历史负担最小 ,“三移动网”也才有可能真正“合一”。同时 ,“移动 (无线 )接入”也将是现有网络的薄弱点———“接入网”的最佳手段和最后终结。基于国际上近年来实施数字地面电视积累的丰富经验 ,新一代“多载波扩频”技术为我国数字地面电视的发展开创了无限生机。以数字地面电视的分布化、双向化、基站化的“蜂窝单频网”为基础 ,在VHF/UHF波段上利用最先进的现代信号处理 /数字通信技术 ,将我国的移动地面电视 (MobileTelevision Terrestrial)、、移动通信 (MoblleTelecommunication)、移动因特网 (MobileTCP/IP)在全面的系统、协议、设备、终端、服务的意义上统一为整体 ,从国外的“多协议、多业务、多制式”的纷繁巢臼和历史负担中脱颖而出 ,把我国交互式地面电视网开发成一个无线、移动、宽带的双向数据通道———“三移动网合一 (ThreeMTinOne)” ,并采用光因特网 (IPoverOptical/IPoverDWDM)为主干网。本文在国内外率先提出了“三移动网合一”的解     

一种基于MPLS VPN网络的IPv6组播过渡技术

通过IPv4骨干网传输IPv6组播数据目前并没有很好的方案。借助单播封装,配置复杂,且浪费带宽。在MPLS VPN骨干网的环境下,对IPv4组播VPN组播隧道技术进行改进,通过IPv6私网单播和组播路由信息的自动扩散,实现IPv6组播数据的自动穿越。     

1-Methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl (MT) sulfones in the Julia-Kocienski olefination: Comparison with the PT and the TBT sulfones

The stability and the stereoselectivity of newly prepared n-pentyl 1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl (MT) sulfone 1a in the Julia-Kocienski reactions were compared with those of the PT sulfone 1b and the TBT sulfone 1c. The improved stability of the anion derived from the n-pentyl MT sulfone 1a enhanced the efficiency of the olefination reactions and gave higher yields of the product alkenes 3 compared with the PT sulfone 1b. Especially high E-selectivity and high yields were obtained from the reaction with aromatic aldehydes and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. The selectivity of 1a was not so sensitive to the change of base counter ion compared with the PT sulfone 1b. The reaction of the MT sulfones having either ethyl or a longer alkyl chain also gave E-alkenes selectively in high yields.