The Physical Tourist¶Physics in Berlin: Walking tours in Charlottenburg and Dahlem and Excursions in the Vicinity of Berlin

A guided tour of significant sides pertaining to the history of physics is conducted around the area of the Technische Universit?t and the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt in Berlin-Charlottenburg, of the Institutes of the former Kaiser Wilhelm Society in Berlin-Dahlem, as well as to some points of interest in the area of Potsdam.     

Fritz Reiche and the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars

I discuss the family background and early life of the German theoretical physicist Fritz Reiche (1883–1969) in Berlin; his higher education at the University of Berlin under Max Planck (1858–1947); his subsequent work at the University of Breslau with Otto Lummer (1860–1925); his return to Berlin in 1911, where he completed his Habilitation thesis in 1913, married Bertha Ochs the following year, became a friend of Albert Einstein (1879–1955), and worked during and immediately after the Great War. In 1921 he was appointed as ordentlicher Professor of Theoretical Physics at the University of Breslau and worked there until he was dismissed in 1933. He spent the academic year 1934–1935 as a visiting professor at the German University in Prague and then returned to Berlin, where he remained until, with the crucial help of his friend Rudolf Ladenburg (1882–1952) and vital assistance of the Emergency Committee in Aid of Displaced Foreign Scholars, he, his wife Bertha, and their daughter Eve were able to emigrate to the United States in 1941 (their son Hans had already emigrated to England in 1939).From 1941–1946 he held appointments at the New School for Social Research in New York, the City College of New York, and Union College in Schenectady, New York, and then was appointed as an Adjunct Professor of Physics at New York University, where his contract was renewed year-by-year until his retirement in 1958.     

The Politics of Memory: Otto Hahn and the Third Reich

As President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Society and its successor, the Max Planck Society, from 1946 until 1960, Otto Hahn (1879–1968) sought to portray science under the Third Reich as a purely intellectual endeavor untainted by National Socialism. I outline Hahn’s activities from 1933 into the postwar years, focusing on the contrast between his personal stance during the National Socialist period, when he distinguished himself as an upright non-Nazi, and his postwar attitude, which was characterized by suppression and denial of Germany’s recent past. Particular examples include Hahn’s efforts to help Jewish friends; his testimony for colleagues involved in denazification and on trial in Nuremberg; his postwar relationships with émigré colleagues, including Lise Meitner; and his misrepresentation of his wartime work in the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Chemistry.     

Die Entwicklung der Isotopenanwendung im Berg- und Hüttenwesen der DDR in den letzten 10 Jahren

Ausgehend vom Stand der Isotopenanwendung im Berg- und Hüttenwesen der DDR vor etwa 10 Jahren wird die weitere Entwicklung dieser Technik bis heute dargelegt. Die größten und sich ökonomisch am stärksten niederschlagenden Fortschritte sind in der weiteren Ausarbeitung und Anwendung von Dichtemeß- und Gehaltsbestimmungsverfahren erzielv worden. Darüber hinaus ist die Zahl der Füllhöhenmessungen mit Strahlenschranken und der radiometrischen Dickenmeßeinrichtungen stark angestiegen. Die Tracertechnik wird in etwa gleichbleibendem Umfang zur Klärung der unterschiedlichsten metallurgischen Vorgänge und Prozesse genutzt.     

“社会学本土化”的德国经验：“角色之争”及其去美国化效应

在西方先进国家中,德国社会学的发展相对晚进且历程坎坷。德国社会学在20世纪初萌芽之时,就因纳粹的“夺权”而停滞发展。第二次世界大战结束之后,在学科重建阶段又因美国的挟持而陷入了美国化危机。在此危难之时,达伦多夫1958年出版的著作《社会人》,意外引发德国社会学界关于“社会角色”概念的学术争辩,史称“角色之争”。这场大规模的学术论战,让德国社会学出现了“通过超美国化以去美国化”与“通过国际化以抵消美国化”的学科发展方向,对德国社会学发展历程中的去美国化与国际化产生了不小的推动效应。当今中国在建立具有国际影响力的中国特色社会学学术话语体系之时,德国社会学极富戏剧性的“复兴”之路,值得参考借鉴。     

西方发达国家质量认证制度一览

简略介绍了英、日、德、法、美及欧共体的质量认证制度。     

Computing circadian rhythmic patterns and beyond: introduction to a new non-Fourier analysis

We introduce a new computational approach for recognizing and analyzing rhythmic dynamics hidden in lengthy recording of animal’s locomotive activity. This recoding is presented in a form of event-time series, and termed actogram in biological rhythm literature. Upon an actogram, we lay out the construction of our computational approach, called hierarchical segmentation (HS) approach, on a platform based on 3-level-coding algorithm with detailed heuristic ideas and statistical explanation. Our HS approach is then demonstrated to objectively compute and identify a series of phase-markers, which in turn partition the whole actogram into a series of circadian rhythmic cycles of varying lengths. Among these rhythmic cycles, common waveform pattern is also extracted as the chief characteristic of recognizing individual circadian dynamics, and period is calculated as the averaged length of the series of rhythmic cycles. Also we demonstrate how to measure the essential ingredients of rhythmic dynamics: phase-shifts due to Zeitgeber and their information contents, through simple linear regression analysis on subseries of phase-markers before and after Zeitgeber. Along our development explicit contrasts are made to explain the shortcomings of periodogram or Fourier transform based spectrum analysis which rigidly determines rhythmic cycles with equal length, and in general ignores the waveform identification completely. We then show a new construction for the phase response curve (PRC) with confidence band. This construction is proved to be critical for biologists who endeavor to make unbiased inferences on circadian rhythm. Examples of real data analysis on actogram of German cockroach are realistically illustrated. Beyond as being an alternative, we conclude that our computational approach can deliver viable non-Fourier rhythmic pattern recognition on circadian rhythms.     

访德报告

介绍了德国莱宝教具公司物理仪器部和德累斯顿大学、凯泽斯劳腾大学的物理实验教学的情况。     

基于化学学科核心素养的德国梅克伦堡州中学化学作业设计与分析*

考查德国梅克伦堡前波莫瑞州(Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)2019年出版的高中阶段化学学科核心素养文件,通过对核心素养及其测评体系的分析,对照学生的课后作业和研究性课题作业,分析作业设计与核心素养测评和发展的关系。