基于信任度两次分簇过滤的协作感知算法*

为了有效解决授权频段在恶劣环境下利用率低的问题,根据一种新信任度系数提取用可靠性较好的采样值参与本地单门限能量检测,并通过新信任度系数分簇获取可靠性较好的本地感知节点本地判决结果进行量化分类,簇头将本地认知节点量化结果、簇内平均权重系数及个数传至融合中心参与协作判决给出一种新的感知算法最后,实验仿真表明,该算法可以有效消除低可靠性认知节点参与协同判决,有效的缩减感知过程数据传输开销,提高系统感知性能。     

Simple fabrication of Cu~(2+) doped calcium alginate hydrogel filtration membrane with excellent anti-fouling and antibacterial properties

Herein,copper ion doped calcium alginate(Cu~(2+)/CaAlg) composite hydrogel filtration membranes were prepared by using natural polymer sodium alginate(NaAlg) as raw material.The thermal stability and structure of the composite membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis and infrared spectroscopy.The mechanical strength,anti-fouling performance,hydrophilicity and filtration performance of the membrane were studied.The results show that Cu~(2+)/CaAlg hydrogel membrane has excelle nt mechanical properties and thermal stability.The anti-swelling ability of the membrane was greatly enhanced by doping Cu~(2+).After three alternate filtration cycles,the flux recovery rate of Cu~(2+)/CaAlg hydrogel membrane can still reach 85%,indicating that the membrane has good antipollution performance.When the operation pressure was 0.1 MPa,the rejection of coomassie brilliant blue G250 reached 99.8% with a flux of 46.3 L m ~2 h ~1,while the Na_2 SO_4 rejection was less than 10.0%.The Cu~(2+)/CaAlg membrane was recycled after 24 h in the filtration process,and its flux and rejection rate did not decrease significantly,indicating that the hydrogel membrane has long-term application potential.The Cu~(2+)/CaAlg membrane has a wide range of applications prospect in dye desalination,fine separation and biopharmaceutical technology fields.     

驻极体空气过滤材料消静电实验研究

选取4片不同级别的驻极体空气过滤材料,对滤料消除静电效应前后的计数效率和PM2.5净化效率等性能参数进行了试验研究,消静电方法采用的是异丙醇浸泡法,试验用气溶胶为KCl固态气溶胶。试验结果表明:采用异丙醇浸泡法能够在一定程度上消除驻极体过滤材料本身所带的静电;消除静电效应后滤料对不同粒径颗粒的计数效率均有所下降,特别是颗粒物粒径越小,过滤效率下降的幅度也越大;消静电后滤料对PM2.5的净化效率也有所下降。研究结果揭示了采用驻极体过滤材料制造而成的带静电过滤器在实际使用过程中可能存在的因静电消失后带来的效率下降风险,试验数据也能为将来空气过滤器国家相关标准的修订提供参考建议。     

Shock Propagation in a One-Dimensional Flow Through Deformable Porous Media

We consider a one-dimensional incompressible flow through a porous medium undergoing deformations such that the porosity and the hydraulic conductivity can be considered to be functions of the flux intensity. The medium is initially dry and we neglect capillarity, so that a sharp wetting front proceeds into the medium. We consider the open problem of the continuation of the solution possibly in the case of onset of singularities, which can be interpreted as a local collapse of the medium. In particular we analyze the case in which the boundary pressure has a piecewise constant derivative.     

Interferences in the analysis of nanomolar concentrations of nitrate and phosphate in oceanic waters

This paper reports on investigations into interferences with the measurements of nanomolar nitrate + nitrite and soluble reactive phosphate (SRP) in oceanic surface seawater using a segmented continuous flow autoanalyser (SCFA) interfaced with a liquid-waveguide capillary flow-cell (LWCC). The interferences of silicate and arsenate with the analysis of SRP, the effect of sample filtration on the measurement of nanomolar nitrate + nitrite and SRP concentrations, and the stability of samples during storage are described.The investigation into the effect of arsenate (concentrations up to 100 nM) on phosphate analysis (concentrations up to 50 nM) indicated that the arsenate interference scaled linearly with phosphate concentrations, resulting in an overestimation of SRP concentrations of 4.6 ± 1.4% for an assumed arsenate concentration of 20 nM. The effect of added Si(OH)₄ was to increase SRP signals by up to 36 ± 19 nM (at 100 μM Si(OH)₄). However, at silicate concentrations below 1.5 μM, which are typically observed in oligotrophic surface ocean waters, the effect of silicate on the phosphate analysis was much smaller (≤0.78 ± 0.15 nM change in SRP). Since arsenate and silicate interferences vary between analytical approaches used for nanomolar SRP analysis, it is important that the interferences are systematically assessed in any newly developed analytical system.Filtration of surface seawater samples resulted in a decrease in concentration of 1.7-2.7 nM (±0.5 nM) SRP, and a small decrease in nitrate concentrations which was within the precision of the method (±0.6 nM). A stability study indicated that storage of very low concentration nutrient samples in the dark at 4 °C for less than 24 h resulted in no statistically significant changes in nutrient concentrations. Freezing unfiltered surface seawater samples from an oligotrophic ocean region resulted in a small but significant increase in the SRP concentration from 12.0 ± 1.3 nM (n = 3) to 14.7 ± 0.6 nM (n = 3) (Student's t-test; p = 0.021). The corresponding change in nitrate concentration was not significant (Student's t-test; p > 0.05).     

Some typical behaviors of weak solutions of layered proous media equation

This paper is the continuation of [2]. Some typical behaviors of weak solutions of layered porous media equations with boundary conditions will be discussed in this paper. For example, asymptotically, the saturated regions can appear only either near the layered interface, or near the boundaries. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the occurrence of such phenomena will be given.     

Permeability anisotropy due to consolidation of compressible porous media

The characterisation of flow through porous media is important for all solid–liquid separation and fluid transport realms. The permeability of porous media can be anisotropic and furthermore, the extent of anisotropy can be increased as a result of an applied compressive force. However, the understanding of how anisotropy develops is incomplete. An overview of research on permeability anisotropy is given and an expression for predicting anisotropy as a function of void ratio is offered. The two underlying assumptions of the proposed model are: flow in different directions occurs within the same network of pores and deformation is primarily due to the compression of the particles in the direction of the applied force rather than due to particle rearrangement. The assumption of network connectivity allows permeability anisotropy to be described as a function of flow path tortuosity only. Results are presented for hydraulic anisotropy measured in lignite that has been upgraded by a compression dewatering method known as mechanical thermal expression. The lignite permeability is shown to be up to eight times greater in the direction perpendicular to compression, suggesting that the rate of dewatering could be significantly increased by choosing the drainage to also be perpendicular to the direction of the applied compressive force. It is illustrated that the proposed anisotropy model can be used to accurately predict the experimentally determined permeability anisotropy ratios for lignite, as well as for other materials including sand, clay and kaolin.     

Magnetic filtration with magnetized granular beds： Basic principles and filter performance

This study is devoted to the explanation of different characteristics of magnetic filtration and the way these characteristics affect the important filtration parameters. Magnetic fields in pores and the force effect of these fields on magnetic particles and the magnetization properties of packed beds composed of ferromagnetic spheres and metal chips are evaluated. The profile of accumulation and capture regions of the particles, the variation of the fluid velocity in these regions and analytic expressions of particle capture radius are presented. The effects of filtration regime parameters on magnetic filter performance were investigated. An analytical expression has been obtained for the dependence of the logarithmic efficiency coefficient on filtration velocity, the geometry of filter elements, the particle size and other parameters of filtration. The stationary and non-stationary equations of the magnetic filtration processes are given. An expression of magnetic filter performance is shown with dimensionless parameters obtained from the filtration system. These relations are useful for calculations in engineering practice, including the design of magnetic filters, provision of suggestions on construction, and optimization and control of filter operation.     

ONE DIMENSIONAL FILTRATION PROBLEM IN PARTIALLY SATURATED LAYERED POROUS MEDIA

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