基于四阶累积量的到达频率差估计算法

研究了基于四阶累积量的到达频率差估计算法,并给出了该算法的离散实现方法。该算法利用高阶累积量的特性,在相关的噪声环境下,对到达频率差作出了精确估计。仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

A Joint TDOA/FDOA Lo calization Algorithm Using Bi-iterative Method with Optimal Step Length

In order to improve the estimation accuracy of multi-station joint Time difference of arrive/ Frequency difference of arrive (TDOA/FDOA) location with Bi-Iterative method, a solution for the position of target with Gauss-Newton optimal step length is proposed in this paper. First, get the initial estimation of target based on Two-stage weighted least-squares (TSWLS) algorithm, and then alternately solve the position and velocity of the target with Bi-Iterative method. In this paper, Gauss-Newton method is applied to iteratively solve the target position, including the detailed equations of the descending direction and the optimal iterative step length in each iterative process. Simulations are carried out to examine the algorithm's performance by comparing it with TSWLS method and Gauss-Newton method regardless of the step length. The results show that when Gauss noise variance is small, the estimation accuracy is close to Cramer Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the proposed method performs better than the other two methods. In addition, because the model which includes the position and velocity of the observation station and the target is in line with the over-the-horizon reality scene in this paper, our research has certain practical value.     

基于静止、准静止双星TDOA／FDOA无源定位算法

针对由静止卫星、准静止卫星构成的无源定位系统，该文研究了利用到达时间差／到达频率差（TDOA／FDOA）联合对地球表面固定辐射源的无源定位算法。与迭代搜索法相比，该算法不需要初值，不用迭代运算，仅仅需要解4次多项式方程，因此该算法更有效。文中推导了定位方程的求解算法，分析了多项式方程的多根情况，并提出了相应的解决办法；最后进行了蒙特卡罗仿真，仿真结果表明该算法具有适应能力强、定位精度高的优点。     

双星时差频差定位体制在频域混叠电磁环境下的应用

现代战场电磁环境复杂,不同类型电磁信号在时频域碰撞混叠,现有常规侦察手段对此类信号的定位应用受到严重制约。双星时差频差定位体制通过互模糊函数求解信号到达时差和频差,分离频域混叠信号并获得高达公里量级的定位精度,非常适合于复杂电磁环境下的应用。通过求解模糊函数的方法分析了时差频差体制对频域混叠信号的分离和定位能力,然后结合美航母编队及其电磁环境构成,探讨了这一能力在监视航母编队,尤其是跟踪识别编队个体成员的具体应用。仿真与分析结果证明了双星时差频差定位体制的优势,对于天基侦察系统的建设具有重要意义。     

双星系统对雷达无源定位的可行性分析

双星无源定位系统对地海面雷达辐射进行定位时,存在脉冲信号频差参数提取的模糊问题。提出了一种基于虚拟双星的双时差粗定位方法,可有效解决频差测量的模糊,再结合时差/频差联合定位方法,分析了双星系统对雷达辐射源无源定位的可行性,给出了一些有用的结论。     

双星时差频差无源定位系统定位算法工程指标分析

通过计算时差、频差测量精度,以及卫星运动引起的时差、频差变化率,提出双星时差频差无源定位系统的信号最佳采样时间为10～ 100 ms.进一步推导了工程可实现的定位精度,仿真结果表明双星系统工程可实现的定位精度约为1～3km.研究和结论对双星定位系统定位精度指标的论证与分解具有借鉴意义.     

一种基于最小二乘准则的方位-多普勒频差联合无源定位新方法

提出了一种方位-多普勒频差(DOA-FDOA)联合定位新算法,该算法多次应用最小二乘准则,借助目标航迹约束条件,并利用多普勒频差信息实现了对运动目标的可靠高精度定位,避免了直接求解非线性方程组。新算法的定位误差逼近CRLB,仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性。     

A joint TDOA and FDOA estimation algorithm based on second-order cone programming

ABSTRACT

Considering the low estimation accuracy of the traditional interpolation method, this paper, on the basis of second-order cone programming (SOCP), proposes a novel joint time difference of arrival (TDOA) and frequency difference of arrival (FDOA) estimation interpolation method, which can attain the sub-sample precision. The proposed method uses several discrete samples produced by cross ambiguity function (CAF) to structure the convex optimization models with regard to the interpolation surface. Then, the SOCP is utilized to obtain the interpolation surface which matches the discrete surface of CAF well. Finally, the method achieves the precision superior to the traditional TDOA and FDOA estimation directly through the search for the maximum of the continuous approximate surface. This method decreases the computational load without loss of precision and can efficiently reduce the limitation of finite sampling interval and sampling time in estimation precision. Numerical simulations show that the method in this paper is efficient and outperforms existing interpolation algorithms about estimation precision.     

稳健收敛的时差频差定位技术

为实现对目标位置和速度的精确定位,该文提出一种基于正则化理论的时差频差定位技术。该算法首先利用最大似然方法确定目标函数,然后通过传统牛顿法对目标位置和速度进行迭代求解。众所周知传统牛顿法对初始值要求较高,较差初始值会导致Hess矩阵趋于病态,从而致使迭代发散,该文引入正则化理论修正Hess矩阵,使其更加合理,保证算法稳健收敛。实验结果表明：相对于传统牛顿法,该文算法在初始值的选取上具有稳健性,对误差选取较大的初始值,仍能够保证算法的收敛性;相对于现有闭合式定位方法,该文算法在噪声较大时具有较好的定位精度,定位精度接近于Cramer-Rao界,具有广泛的实用价值。     

一种基于半定松弛技术的TDOA-FDOA无源定位算法

在运动目标的无源定位场景下,闭式算法在低噪声情况下可以到达克拉美罗下界(CRLB),但是这些算法往往不能适应较大的测量噪声环境。针对目前闭式算法适应大噪声能力较差这一问题,该文联合到达时间差(TDOA)以及到达频率差(FDOA),提出一种基于半定松弛(SDR)技术的无源定位算法。该算法首先构建传统闭式解的伪线性方程,其次利用随机鲁棒最小二乘(SRLS)的思想以及目标参数与额外变量之间的非线性关系,将无源定位问题转化为了具有2次等式约束的最小二乘问题;随后,将半定松弛技术应用到这一问题上,约束最小二乘问题松弛为半定规划(SDP)问题,最后,借助优化工具箱可以有效地对目标参数进行求解。该文所提出的算法不需要初始值先验条件,仿真实验表明了所提算法的有效性。