500kW／380V国产大功率变频器在钻机上的应用

针对国外变频器价格昂贵、调试周期和维修周期长等特点，我公司自主研发了可替代进口机的高性能钻机国产专用变频器。该变频器能够从零开始调速。当钻井卡钻时，能及时断开电动机，在低速提升时，能最大限度地发挥电动机的动力特性，提供220％的转矩输出。变频器具有易安装、调试、维护，性能稳定。应用中据实测数据显示，采用变频改造后，打1口井可节省柴油15t。     

石油钻机的变频改造

本文以大庆油田石油管理局井下作业分公司配备的风光JD-BP32-500型石油钻机变频器为例，介绍了石油钻机进行变频改造的意义、应用效果及使用价值。由于石油钻机的特殊的应用环境，在变频器的产品设计方面注意到了相关的技术难点，为该类广品的开发提供了相关的依据。     

Oil Base Mud. Part I: Synthesis of Some Local Surfactants Used as Primary Emulsifiers for Oil Base Mud and Evaluation of Their Rheology Properties

Six oil soluble nonionic surfactants with different HLBs have been prepared. Their HLBs situate between 3.9 and 6.7. Transesterification was carried out for glycerol and triethanol amine with oleic acid at different moles to obtain six emusilifiers. They named glycerol momooleate (I), glycerol diooleate (II), glycerol trioleate (III), triethanol amine mono-, di- and tri-oleate (IV), (V,) and (VI). The chemical structure was confirmed using; the elemental analysis, FTIR and ¹HNMR. They were evaluated as a primary emulsifiers (PE) for thdrilling fluids (oil base mud) comparing with a currently used primary emulsifier (Fc). The water in oil base mud (w/o emulsions) was prepared. The concentration of emulsifiers and their HLB exhibited interesting rheology properties including shear-thinning behavior, yield value, viscoelastic effects, thixtropy, gel strength, and filtration loss. The rheology properties of such emulsions strongly depended on the average size distribution of the dispersed droplets that could be varied both with the bulk concentration and HLB value of the emulsifiers. The interfacial and surface properties of these emulsifiers suggest that the droplet size of the dispersed phase and bulk concentration are strongly related to the HLB value of emulsifiers. The w/o emulsion (mud formulation) stability is sensitive to the droplet size of the dispersed phase and HLB value of the used emulsifier. The results were discussed on the light the chemical structure of the primary emulsifiers and the emulsion ingredients.     

光纤光栅安全监测系统在ZJ40K钻机井架上的应用

针对光纤光栅传感器技术和钻机监测技术的现状,研制出适合油田钻机的安全监测系 统,指导设备维护,延长设备使用寿命,保证油田安全生产。     

甘肃引洮供水工程饱和黄土隧洞施工方法选择的工程地质研究

甘肃引洮供水一期工程总干渠13#、14#、15#隧洞围岩为al-lQ2饱和黄土,地下水位高于洞顶4³7m,饱和度一般在98%¹00%,水稳性很差。因此,该段隧洞施工方法的选择十分重要,从工程地质角度研究其工程特性,采用D rucker-Prager弹塑性模型、关联流动法则,模拟了传统钻爆法开挖时隧洞稳定性,计算表明,若采用钻爆法,由于围岩的岩性软弱,隧洞开挖后,在隧洞周围较大范围内存在应力降低区,隧洞位移十分迅速而且位移量非常大,洞顶下降发生塌方并引起地面沉降。从盾构法施工对地质条件的适应性分析,其施工风险相对较小,施工过程中可利用护盾很快封闭围岩,因此该段隧洞宜采用盾构法施工。     

Finite-element modelling of soil-geogrid interaction dealing with the pullout behaviour of geogrids

A two dimensional plane-stress finite-element type of analysis is presented to predict the behaviour of geogrids embedded in sand under pullout loading conditions. In the analysis the interactions between soil and geogrid are simulated by non-linear springs. The stiffnesses of the springs can be determined from simple tests in a specially designed pullout box. The proposed finite element (FE) analysis is applied to interpret test results from a large scale pullout test rig. The predicted behaviour of the geogrid under pullout load agrees well with the observed data including the load-displacement properties, the displacement distribution along the longitudinal direction and the mobilisation of the frictional and bearing resistance.     

Influence of microsupersonic gas jets on nanosecond laser percussion drilling

This paper reports on etching rates and hole quality for nanosecond laser percussion drilling of 200-μm thick 316L stainless steel performed with micro supersonic gas jets. The assist-gas jets were produced using nozzles of 200, 300 and 500 μm nominal throat diameters. Air and oxygen were used separately for the process gas in the drilling trials and the drilling performance was compared to drilling in ambient conditions. The highest etch rate of 1.2 μm per pulse was obtained in the ambient atmosphere condition, but this was reduced by about 50% with assist-air jets from the 200 μm nozzle. Increasing the jet diameter and/or using oxygen assist gas also decreased the etching rate and increased the hole diameter. The 200 μm nozzle using air-assist jets produced the least amount of recast and gave the best compromise for etching rate. A combination of plasma shielding and different gas dynamic conditions inside the holes and at the surface are correlated to the observations of different drilling rates and hole characteristics.     

车载钻机CAN总线数据记录仪设计

针对车载钻机在施工现场使用的需求,设计了一种基于CAN总线的数据记录仪.文中首先介绍了总体构成,然后详细设计了以单片机LPC1768为核心、以CAN和USB为通讯方式、以SD卡为数据记录存储单元的硬件电路,并以LabVIEW为平台详细开发了系统配置和数据处理软件,实现了对车载钻机作业参数的实时记录,方便后期的故障查询和分析.应用及试验结果表明,该记录仪满足车载钻机使用需要,实用性强、便携性好,同时具备良好的扩展性及应用前景.     

Inhibitive properties of amphoteric, water-soluble cellulosic polymers on bentonite swelling

Amphoteric, water-soluble cellulose derivatives were prepared by the quaternization of anionic carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl-ammonium chloride. These polymers suppress the swelling of bentonite more effectively than CMC and their inhibitive effect depends on the degree of quaternization, the molecular conformation and the type of counterions. Received: 13 October 1998 Accepted in revised form: 24 November 1998