UL认证漫谈（六）

介绍了ＵＬ试验室和中国检测机构的ＴＰＴＤＰ合作计划。     

5G 2.6 GHz与700 MHz频段基站天线建设策略

针对中国移动基站天馈"两多一快"特点及面临的天面租金贵、资源紧张挑战,提出统筹考虑制式频段、采用多频段多端口独立电调天线进行天面整合的天馈建设总体思路.确定以单小区2天面为主的天面目标,"有源、无源分割"、"TDD、FDD分割"的天馈整合原则.统筹考虑5G 2.6 GHz与700 MHz,结合后续5G建设节奏,确定4个...     

Thermal degradation and flame retardance in copolymers of methyl methacrylate with diethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been free radically copolymerized, both in bulk and in solution, with diethyl(methacryloyloxymethyl)phosphonate (DEMMP), to give polymers which are significantly flame retarded when compared with PMMA, as indicated by the results of limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurements, UL 94 tests, and the results of cone calorimetric experiments. The physical and mechanical properties of the copolymers are similar to those of PMMA, except that the bulk copolymers are slightly crosslinked, and are better than those of PMMA flame retarded to a similar extent by some phosphate and phosphonate additives. Examination of the some of the gaseous products of pyrolysis and combustion, and of chars produced on burning, show that flame retardation occurs in the copolymers by both a condensed-phase and a vapour-phase mechanism. The condensed-phase mechanism is shown to involve generation of phosphorus acid species followed by reaction of these with MMA units giving rise to methacrylic acid units. The methacrylic acid units subsequently form anhydride links, which probably impede depolymerization of the remaining MMA sequences, resulting in evolution of less MMA (the major fuel when MMA-based polymers burn). By undergoing decarboxylation, leading to interchain cyclisation and, eventually, to aromaticisation, the anhydride units are probably also the principal precursors to char.     

Novel flame retardants containing cyclodextrin nanosponges and phosphorus compounds to enhance EVA combustion properties

A novel flame retardant intumescent system, aimed to improve the fire stability of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), has been prepared by melt blending of the copolymer and a complex of cyclodextrin nanosponge-phosphorus compounds. As compared to traditional systems, this complex, stable in processing conditions, has the advantage that nanosponges act as both carbon sources and foam forming agents while the phosphorus compounds are able to directly generate phosphoric acid in situ. In this context, cyclodextrin nanosponges undergo dehydration in presence of the acid source, generating water vapour and char, and thus protecting the copolymer against combustion. Different acid sources have been investigated in order to reach the optimum interaction with the nanosponges. Raman measurements and thermogravimetric analyses have shown that the cavities of nanosponges entrapped the phosphorus derivatives forming stable complexes at the temperature of EVA processing. Different amounts of these complexes (5, 10 and 15 wt.%) have been added to EVA via melt blending and their flame retardancy properties measured by UL94 test and cone calorimetry. Strongly modified burning kinetics, as compared to the behaviour of the neat copolymer, have been found by UL94 test: V2 classification has been achieved for every formulation regardless of the type and the amount of complex used. EVA combustion behaviour by cone calorimetry has also been significantly affected: the heat release rate decreased dramatically down to ca. 20% in the presence of these new additives.     

电视中心系统测试实践

结合本台硬盘播控系统实际,阐述了模拟向数字过渡时期电视中心系统验收测试的方法,并对测试中的几点体会进行了介绍,最后还阐述了深入使用VM700T的一些方法。     

基于AD5700的HART协议通信接口设计

设计了一种HART协议通信接口。给出了具体的软硬件设计,采用HART专业低功耗调制解调芯片AD5700实现了HART信号的调制、解调与载波监听,利用AD5421电流环数模转换器实现了4m A-20m A电流输出及变送器的二线制传输,达到了变送器与上位机进行HART远程通信的目的。     

LTE FDD网络上行覆盖增强技术分析

在远距离覆盖场景下,由于LTE终端采用单天线发射模式,且最大发射功率较低,因而上行覆盖能力成为主要限制因素。分析了安装塔顶放大器和部署多天线2种上行覆盖增强技术,对其在LTE FDD宏基站和分布式基站方式下的覆盖增强效果进行了链路预算分析,用仿真验证2种技术对上行覆盖增强的有效性,并给出了LTE FDD上行覆盖增强建议。     

新版UL便携式电动工具标准(UL60745)与现行版(UL745)的主要变化

本文分析了美国手持式电动工具新老标准的变化,对今后一个时期电动工具企业的UL认证工作提出了建议.     

UL796印制线路板安全标准介绍

本文介绍了最新版本UL796《印制线路板》安全标准涉及的主要内容、章节与概要,所作的修订及其特点。     

Far-infrared photoconductivity spectra of quenched-in acceptors in germanium: Chemical effects on the SA1 acceptors

Far-I.R. photoconductivity reveals the existence of at least four different kinds of SA₁ acceptors in germanium quenched from T > 800 each acceptor producing two or more hydrogenic excitation line series. One acceptor is correlated with the presence of Ni, another one with strong Cu contamination. The two other acceptors, which we call ‘normal’ and ‘shifted’, occur in samples quenched without intentional doping. The experiments indicate that the SA₁ acceptors in germanium are impurity complexes involving fast diffusing elements. We discuss a model according to which the SA₁ acceptors would be interstitial-substitutional pairs of transition metals. In particular, we propose to assign the ‘normal’ SA₁ acceptors to Fe_I-Cu_S pairs.