Development and validation of an analytical methodology for the determination of p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD in fish oil pills

An analytical methodology was proposed and validated to be applied to the determination of p,p′-DDT and its metabolites p,p′-DDE and p,p′-DDD in fish oil. The analytical procedure presented in this paper involves a single-step clean up process prior to the analysis. A solution of 1,2,3,4-tetrachloronaphtalene was used as internal standard.The analytical technique used was gas chromatography coupled to an electron capture detector. Details on the validation process are provided.The limits of detection ranged from 2.6 to 4.7 pg μL^− 1. The BCR 598 standard reference material (cod liver oil) was used to evaluate the performance of the methodology with satisfactory recoveries for all the compounds.The analytes were determined in three different fish oil pills sold in Spain as a supplementary vitamin support. The sum of p,p′-DDT and metabolites was from 13.2 to 51.3 ng g^− 1, the dominant compound being p,p′-DDE.     

Lon网络中上位机与智能节点通信方式的研究与实现

文章依据石油企业管控一体化网络的开发过程，首先介绍LON网络中上位机与智能节点之间的通信方式，即LNSDDE Server在工业实时控制中的应用，然后介绍建立采油站管控一体化网络体系中的一些核心技术以及系统监控过程。     

用C++ Builder实现组态王实时监控艾默生变频器

本文介绍了工业自动化通用组态软件——组态王,提出了一种用C++Builder作为后台实现组态王软件实时监控艾默生变频器的方法,并简单介绍了另一种用BCB制作控件嵌入组态王实现控制变频器的方法,相关方法已在砖窑监控系统中得到了具体应用。     

Variable-step variable-order 3-stage Hermite-Birkhoff-Obrechkoff DDE solver of order 4 to 14

This article presents a solver for delay differential equations (DDEs) called HBO414DDE based on a hybrid variable-step variable-order 3-stage Hermite-Birkhoff-Obrechkoff ODE solver of order 4 to 14. The current version of our method solves DDEs with state dependent, non-vanishing, small, vanishing and asymptotically vanishing delays, except neutral type and initial value DDEs. Delayed values are computed using Hermite interpolation, small delays are dealt with by extrapolation, and discontinuities are located by a bisection method. HBO414DDE was tested on several problems and results were compared with those of known solvers like SYSDEL and the recent Matlab DDE solver ddesd and statistics show that it gives, most of the time, a smaller relative error than the other solvers for the same number of function evaluations.     

基于DDE技术的工业自动控制组态系统的设计分析

DDE作为动态数据交换,是Windows平台上的标准通信协议。利用DDE技术对工业自动控制组态系统进行设计,开发了基于DDE技术的工业自动控制组态系统,不仅可以利用DDE技术实现对数据采集的传递,同时也可以完成VB与系统操作界面之间的数据交互,有效扩展工业自动控制组态软件的功能。以下探讨基于DDE技术的工业自动控制组态系统的设计分析,并给出具体的实践方法。     

光机系统集成分析仿真研究

在与传统的光机系统设计方法对比下,构建了光机系统集成分析仿真的基本框架.以望远镜镜面为研究对象,选择Patran,Matlab/Simulink和Zemax作为软件环境,分别建立各自的独立模型,探讨了光机系统集成化分析的实现策略.在简要研究模型创建、模型简化等技术的基础上,编制了结构控制接口工具,实现了光机系统结构和控制的集成分析.在研究动态数据交换(DDE)技术的基础上,探讨了大数目光线追迹问题的解决方案,实现了Matlab和Zemax的动态数据交换和光机系统的光控集成分析,达到了光机系统光机控制集成分析的目的.     

相干光OFDM系统中直接判决均衡器的性能研究

理论上分析了相干光正交频分复用(CO-OFDM)系统中相位噪声(PN)和色度色散(CD)对星座图的影响,并详细探讨了CO-OFDM系统中基于导频的直接判决均衡器(DDE)的原理,还对其性能进行了仿真分析。仿真结果表明:在不同的传输距离下,DDE的误码率都能呈瀑布状下降至10-3这一公认的前向纠错(FEC)门限,使得后续的FEC模块可以让误码率迅速降低。此外,在激光器线宽小于100kHz时,DDE的误码性能并没有大幅度的提升。因此,在选择DDE作为均衡器的CO-OFDM系统中,应折中考虑激光器线宽和误码性能的关系,基于成本考虑建议采用100kHz激光器。     

OSCILLATION CRITERIA FOR DELAY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH IMPULSES

The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the oscillation of second order nonlinear delay differential equation (DDE) with impulses, sufficient conditions of oscillation for the solutions of DDE with impulses are obtained by using differential inequality. Some known results are improved and generalized.     

Pesticides in water and the performance of the liquid-phase microextraction based techniques. A review

The control of pesticides in surface, drinking and groundwater is nowadays a real necessity. In the European Community, their concentration must comply with the established parametric and environmental quality standards (EQSs). Regarding the new legislation, this article updates the information concerning the monitoring of pesticides and the technical specifications for their measurement in water samples where ultra-sensitive analytical methods are required. For some compounds, like pesticides, there is still a need to improve the performance of the existing methods. High sensitive techniques like gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC–MS) have been developed. However, for most of the substances present at trace and ultra-trace levels the extraction and preconcentration steps are so far essential for their detection. Advances at a micro scale have been made and different types of microextractions are being developed. Liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) is an example. The study of this technique has increased in the last years and some innovations have been recently reported for pesticides water analysis. This article reviews the new developed LPME-based techniques and compares its performance with the analytical specifications established for pesticides water monitoring. The results show that LPME-based techniques can be a promising tool to improve the nowadays performance of methods used in pesticides water control.     

Algorithmic computation of generalized symmetries of nonlinear evolution and lattice equations

A straightforward algorithm for the symbolic computation of generalized (higher‐order) symmetries of nonlinear evolution equations and lattice equations is presented. The scaling properties of the evolution or lattice equations are used to determine the polynomial form of the generalized symmetries. The coefficients of the symmetry can be found by solving a linear system. The method applies to polynomial systems of PDEs of first order in time and arbitrary order in one space variable. Likewise, lattices must be of first order in time but may involve arbitrary shifts in the discretized space variable. The algorithm is implemented in Mathematica and can be used to test the integrability of both nonlinear evolution equations and semi‐discrete lattice equations. With our Integrability Package, generalized symmetries are obtained for several well‐known systems of evolution and lattice equations. For PDEs and lattices with parameters, the code allows one to determine the conditions on these parameters so that a sequence of generalized symmetries exists. The existence of a sequence of such symmetries is a predictor for integrability. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.