Size exclusion chromatography – A blessing and a curse of science and technology of synthetic polymers

Size exclusion chromatography, SEC is one of the most popular methods for the separation of different kinds of macromolecules. This critical review gives concise information about macromolecules and their behavior in solution, basic understanding about principles, instrumentation, and application possibilities of SEC, and more in detail discusses drawbacks and pitfalls of the method with the emphasis on synthetic polymers. Selected practical advices are included to help enhance the quality of SEC results.     

一种改进的分地（市）效益后评估方法

提出的分地（市）效益后评估方法较传统方法有2个优势：增加了相关分析维度,解决了指标间的割裂现象。通过该方法对某省各地（市）公司的投资及财务统计数据进行了测试,衡量了各地（市）公司的投资效益水平,并对该省公司未来一年的地（市）投资分配提出了建议。     

IC封装的声学检查技术

本文简要叙述了依赖于封装构造,可在引线框架下也能发现诸如爆米花裂纹等缺陷的IC声学检测技术。     

Benefits arising from proficiency testing schemes: The comparison of analytical methods

 The primary objective of proficiency testing (PT) is in the provision of information and support to participating laboratories, to enable them to monitor and improve the quality of their measurements. However, other benefits can be obtained from PT. These include the comparison of data for a given measurement by different methods, the validation of new methods, and the provision of information for laboratories' customers and accreditation bodies. This paper considers the subject of method comparison, and highlights some of the approaches which can be followed, as well as the practical use to which this can be put, to benefit the analytical community more widely. This is illustrated by a case study concerning the measurement of haze in beer. In this study the United Kingdom Institute of Brewing (IoB) conducted a survey of participants in the Brewing Analytes Proficiency Scheme (BAPS). From the survey data taken together with data from the BAPS scheme, the IoB is now in a position to give guidance on the use of particular instruments and procedures, as well as consider changes to the scope of the BAPS scheme to provide greater benefits for participants concerned with measuring haze. Received: 3 March 1998 · Accepted: 9 June 1998     

提高金属材料离子注入效益的一条新途径

本文评述了在金属材料领域中应用离子注入技术的现状;阐明了提高离子注入效益的一条新途径:不仅以离子注入技术改变工模具的性能,延长其使用寿命,而且以离子注入技术来显著提高金属产品的质量。文末还对进一步发展离子注入的前景做了展望。     

Pricing and hedging of guaranteed minimum benefits under regime-switching and stochastic mortality

This paper presents a novel framework for pricing and hedging of the Guaranteed Minimum Benefits (GMBs) embedded in variable annuity (VA) contracts whose underlying mutual fund dynamics evolve under the influence of the regime-switching model. Semi-closed form solutions for prices and Greeks (i.e. sensitivities of prices with respect to model parameters) of various GMBs under stochastic mortality are derived. Pricing and hedging is performed using an accurate, fast and efficient Fourier Space Time-stepping (FST) algorithm. The mortality component of the model is calibrated to the Australian male population. Sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to various parameters including guarantee levels, time to maturity, interest rates and volatilities. The hedge effectiveness is assessed by comparing profit-and-loss distributions for an unhedged, statically and semi-statically hedged portfolios. The results provide a comprehensive analysis on pricing and hedging the longevity risk, interest rate risk and equity risk for the GMBs embedded in VAs, and highlight the benefits to insurance providers who offer those products.     

降低中大功率组装PPM值工艺技术分析和生产实践

本文介绍了江苏长电科技降低中大功率组装PPM值工艺技术分析和生产实践,通过用合适的工艺措施,达到了优质高产来满足市场,用户需要.     

随机利率下的增额寿险

寿险中的利率随机性问题，是近年来保险精算研完的热点之一，本文以即时给付的毒额寿险为对象，对随机利率采用Gauss过程建模，研究给付现值及其各阶矩，并在死亡均匀分布假设下得到矩的简洁表达式。     

Revisiting the privacy calculus: Why are consumers (really) willing to disclose personal data online?

With the digital age, businesses are increasingly collecting consumers’ data, which is raising privacy issues. Existing research has been dominated by the rational-based privacy calculus theory, which overlooks the role of irrationality and contextual factors. This study accounts for the influence of both rational (benefits and costs) and irrational (habits) factors in the disclosure decision-making process, while considering the moderating role of context sensitivity. Data gathered from 956 consumers who disclosed personal data with self-selected companies partially supports the context-dependence of data disclosure and reveals that, although consumers do face a trade-off between perceived benefits and privacy loss, habit plays a dominant role. The study extends the privacy calculus theory and provides insights for businesses aiming to collect consumers’ data across industries.