Design of robust differential microphone arrays with the Jacobi–Anger expansion

Due to their small size, differential microphone arrays (DMAs) are very attractive. Moreover, they have been effective in combating noise and reverberation. Recently, a new class of DMAs of different orders have been developed with the MacLaurin’s series and the frequency-independent patterns. However, the MacLaurin’s series does not approximate well the exponential function, which appears in the general definition of the beampattern, when the intersensor spacing is not small enough. To circumvent this problem, we propose in this paper to approximate the exponential function with the Jacobi–Anger expansion. Based on this approximation and the frequency-independent Chebyshev patterns, we derive first-, second-, and third-order DMAs. Furthermore, in order to improve the robustness of DMAs against white noise amplification, we propose to use more microphones combined with minimum-norm filters. It is also shown that the Jacobi–Anger expansion is optimal from a mean-squared error perspective. Simulations are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed DMAs.     

Analysis and simulation of QSP beamformer

The real Direction Of Arrival (DOA) varies with time in mobile communication system. In such situation, the performance of conventional beamformers will be degraded obviously. Quantum Signal Processing (QSP) beamformer is insensitive to DOA errors, thus it can achieve stable output performance in such circumstance. This letter verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the QSP beamformer by simulation results.     

Directional neighbor discovery in mmWave wireless networks

The directional neighbor discovery problem, i.e., spatial rendezvous, is a fundamental problem in millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless networks, where directional transmissions are used to overcome the high attenuation. The challenge is how to let the transmitter and the receiver beams meet in space under deafness caused by directional transmission and reception, where no control channel, prior information, and coordination are available. In this paper, we present a Hunting-based Directional Neighbor Discovery (HDND) scheme for ad hoc mmWave networks, where a node follows a unique sequence to determine its transmission or reception mode, and continuously rotates its directional beam to scan the neighborhood for other mmWave nodes. Through a rigorous analysis, we derive the conditions for ensured neighbor discovery, as well as a bound for the worst-case discovery time and the impact of sidelobes. We validate the analysis with extensive simulations and demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed scheme over several baseline schemes.     

分布式目标下行波束形成

研究了智能天线在下行链路的应用。利用上行链路接收数据,建立分布式目标信道模型。估计移动用户的发射角、扩展角度和发射功率以及下行信道相关矩阵,确定下行链路的波束形成方法。即对频分复用（FDD）系统进行上行相关矩阵变换,构建下行信道协方差矩阵,利用最大合并比准则获得下行链路权值。计算机仿真证实了这种方法的有效性。     

60 GHz毫米波通信中一种新的波束搜索算法

采用毫米波进行信号传输,使多天线技术集成实现成为可能,继而可利用阵列天线波束赋形技术。然而,当天线阵元数增多时,将导致最优波束对的搜索算法复杂度急剧增加。该文充分利用不同数目阵元产生的波束特性,提出一种基于划区而治的逐步细化高效搜索算法;通过逐步增加使能天线数目,有效缩小搜索空间,最终实现最优波束对搜索。相比于现有方案,该算法能显著降低搜索过程中信令传输及能量消耗,仿真结果进一步验证了该算法的有效性。     

空间重采样法恒定束宽波束形成器设计

本文视均匀线列阵为连续线阵的均匀离散采样，将宽带方位估计中的空间重采样思想用到恒定束宽波束形成器设计中，并从滤波器设计的观点出发，将阵元权系数等效为空间滤波器的脉冲响应，提出用恢复公式计算不同频率所对应的阵元权系数，从而利用频域波束形成的方法完成恒定束宽波束形成器设计。     

一种改进的极化敏感阵列解相干算法

在相干信号源情形下,常用的极化敏感阵列信号处理方法(如参数估计、波束形成等)会出现性能下降甚至失效的现象。该文在极化平滑算法的基础上提出一种改进的解相干算法,通过对各子相关矩阵选择适当的加权系数,使平滑之后的相关矩阵具有Toeplitz的形式,进而消除信号之间的相干性。该文推导了最优加权系数的表达式及最大解相干信号个数,并利用加权平滑之后的相关矩阵完成了参数估计和波束形成。计算机仿真结果表明改进的方法具有比常规极化平滑算法更优越的性能,且适用于非均匀噪声和相干噪声的情况。     

基于波束形成的多类型多声源定位研究

为实现空压机多噪声源的准确定位,仿真对比了多种近场球面波多声源定位算法。基于时域波束形成,研究了相同声源平面、不同声源频率、不同声源纵向距离、不同声源强度下多声源定位以及声源频率、声源纵向距离和声源强度多因素联合的多声源定位仿真方法,模拟了更接近实际的噪声源类型。基于频域波束形成,仿真研究了1400 Hz,2400 Hz,3400 Hz,4400 Hz的多声源。分别利用互功率谱波束形成和除自谱的互功率谱波束形成,仿真研究了相干声源和不相干声源。开发了阵列声成像测试平台,运用频域波束形成和功率谱波束形成对空压机进行了定位试验研究。结果表明,1400 Hz下空压机的主要噪声源是气缸盖、空气滤清器和曲轴附近的机体,这可为空压机减振降噪改进设计提供依据。     

TDD MISO系统中波束成形的性能分析

文中首先指出在时分双工多输入单输出系统中,发送机和接收机的信道状态信息存在时延,而该时延会影响波束成形的性能增益。随后,通过推导接收机误比特率的闭合表达式,说明时延会损害接收机的性能。最后,用数值仿真验证了所做的性能分析的正确性。     

一种低快拍情况下稳健的波束形成算法

针对低快拍情况下自适应波束形成器输出方向图存在主峰偏移,副瓣电平较高的问题,该文提出一种低快拍情况下稳健的波束形成算法。算法通过对线性约束最小方差(LCMV)波束形成器的输入信号协方差矩阵进行指数修正,改善了采用协方差矩阵求逆（SMI）算法的LCMV波束形成器输入信号协方差矩阵小特征值在低快拍情况下的发散程度,从而可在减小主峰偏移的同时,有效地解决副瓣电平较高的问题;最后通过分析波束形成器输出信干噪比(SINR)随修正指数变化的情况,给出算法修正指数的取值范围。计算机仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性和优越性。