粒子流粒子滤波检测前跟踪方法

检测前跟踪通过在连续多帧观测中对目标信号进行非相参积累以检测和跟踪微弱目标。积累的关键在于对目标轨迹的准确估计和多帧迭代滤波。传统粒子滤波器过于依赖建议分布，对目标轨迹的估计不够准确。新提出的粒子流滤波器是一种很好的替代方法，但其过于依赖当前时刻的量测而弱化多帧迭代滤波。本文提出一种在粒子滤波框架下采用粒子流的检测前跟踪方法:采用粒子滤波器进行多帧迭代滤波，但在每一帧内，采用Localized Exact Daum-Huang粒子流进行滤波。为了应对目标量测的不确定性，本文改造了Localized Exact Daum-Huang滤波器，为每个粒子在其邻域内寻找最大似然量测，并利用该量测更新粒子状态。Rayleigh分布杂波下Swerling1型起伏目标的检测和跟踪实验证明了所提算法的性能。      

基于动态粒子流场的视频异常行为自动识别

为了有效实现视频异常 行为的自动识别,基于动态粒子流场,将视频运动对象的运 动行为,映射为有效 反映其运动变化状态的动态粒子流,同时提取度量不同场景内容下的运动方式各异的异常行 为的显著性运动特 征,进行异常行为的分类与识别。对来自不同场景并具有不同运动行为方式的公开视频 测试序列的实验表明,本文方法无需跟踪运动对象,也无需预先采集 异常行为样本进行学习与训 练,可在多种条件下实现视频运动对象异常行为的有效自动识别。     

探讨Particle Flow里的脚本操作器

"粒子流(Partile Flow)"是一种新型的、多功能且性能强大的3dsMax粒子系统.它使用一种称为粒子视图自勺特殊对话框来实现其事件驱动方式.使用它可以实现大量物件(细小颗粒--粒子)的群集动态操控,例如烟、云、火、水等,也可以使用它并结合其它软件功能实现一些光感特效.同时它还提供了编程的方法对这些群集物件或3ds Max场景中的物体进行程序控制.本文通过一些具体个案实例详细对这种编程控制方法进行了实践,既介绍了对粒子流内部粒子的编程控制同时也介绍了对场景中具体物体的程序控制.     

蒸镀调制盘及其分析

本文对蒸镀薄膜过程中的蒸发柱子流调制盘的形式及作用进行了讨论;同时对具有调制盘存在时的蒸发速度、调制速度以及膜厚的关系进行了分析.文中给出了一个用调制盘稳定沉积速度的例子,并指出了实践中应注意的几个问题.     

火星上的太阳风

“太阳风”是来自太阳的等离子体粒子流，一个国际研究小组报告说，看来太阳风能穿透火星的大气层，使水和其他分子得以逃逸．研究人员曾提出过几个理论，试图解释火星是如何由一个温暖和潮湿的地方变成如今的寒冷和干燥的地方的．这个变化一定涉及到水、二氧化碳、以及其他可挥发物质的逃逸．Rickard Lundin和他在欧洲、     

高斯粒子流滤波器

粒子流滤波器以粒子流速度场描述随机样本从先验分布到后验分布的演化,实现对系统状态的贝叶斯估计.针对其一般解计算复杂、难于滤波求解的问题,导出一种高斯假设条件下的粒子流滤波器.在线性高斯条件下推导了速度场的解析解;证明了当演化步长趋近于0时,该解析解与Kalman-Bucy滤波器的解具有一致的形式;基于该解导出了非线性高斯系统速度场的表达式,并进一步利用Unscented变换近似求解.通过若干仿真算例表明,高斯粒子流滤波器放宽了系统噪声为高斯型的限制,其精度优于经典非线性高斯滤波器,计算复杂度低于一般粒子滤波器,且具有良好的稳定性.     

Assessment of the kinetic-frictional model for dense granular flow

This paper aims to quantitatively assess the application of kinetic-frictional model to simulate the motion of dry granular materials in dense condition, in particular, the annular shearing in Couette configuration. The weight of frictional stress was varied to study the contribution of the frictional stress in dense granular flows. The results show that the pure kinetic-theory-based computational fluid dynamics （CFD） model （without frictional stress） over-predicts the dominant solids motion of dense granular flow while adding frictional stress [Schaeffer, D. G. （1987）. Instability in the evolution equations describing incompressible granular flow. Journal of Differential Equations, 66（1）, 19-50] with the solids pressure of [Lun, C. NTK., Savage, S. B., Jeffrey, D. J., ＆ Chepurniy, N. （1984）. Kinetic theories for granular flow： Inelastic particles in Couette flow and slightly inelastic particles in a general flow field. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 140, 223-256] in the CFD model improves the simulation to better conform available experimental results. The results also suggest that frictional stress transmission plays an important role in dense granular flow and should not be neglected in granular flow simulations. Compatible simulation results to the experimental data are seen by increasing the weight of frictional stress to a factor of 1.25-1.5. These improved simulation results suggest the current constitutive relations （kinetic-frictional model） need to be improved in order to better reflect the real dense granular flow.     

Lie group analysis for the effect of temperature-dependent fluid viscosity and thermophoresis particle deposition on free convective heat and mass transfer under variable stream conditions

This paper examines a steady two-dimensional flow of incompressible fluid over a vertical stretching sheet. The fluid viscosity is assumed to vary as a linear function of temperature. A scaling group of transformations is applied to the governing equa- tions. The system remains invariant due to some relations among the transformation parameters. After finding three absolute invariants, a third-order ordinary differential equation corresponding to the momentum equation and two second-order ordinary differential equations corresponding to energy and diffusion equations are derived. The equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically. It is found that the decrease in the temperature-dependent fluid viscosity makes the velocity decrease with the increasing distance of the stretching sheet. At a particular point of the sheet, the fluid velocity decreases but the temperature increases with the decreasing viscosity. The impact of the thermophoresis particle deposition plays an important role in the concentration boundary layer. The obtained results are presented graphically and discussed.     

几类粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的讨论

从粒子密度和粒子流密度出发,分析了几类相关的算符,讨论了它们的性质与相互关系;从具体的物理意义出发,明确了合适的粒子密度算符和粒子流密度算符的表达形式.