Prime witnesses in the Shor algorithm and the Miller-Rabin algorithm

We prove that prime witnesses in the Miller-Rabin algorithm coincide with those in the Shor algorithm which satisfy the condition of Fermat’s little theorem. We describe the set of natural numbers, whose prime witnesses in the Miller-Rabin algorithm coincide with those in the Shor algorithm. We find all such numbers less than 100,000,000 and experimentally study the rate of increase of the ratio of the quantity of such numbers to the quantity of Carmichael numbers.     

关于量子态可分性的O-约化判据

文章提出了一类纠缠目击者.它们是以局域正交可观测量的形式给出的,因而自动提供了利用局域测量和经典通信来探测纠缠的方法.利用JamioΙkowski同构得到了相应的非完全正的正映射,从而导出一类新的可分性判据———O-约化判据.约化判据和重排判据都是该判据的特例.另外,还发现O-约化判据可以通过测量局域正交可观测量的一个厄米关联矩阵来获得物理的实现.作为应用,构造了Horodecki在1997年发现的第一个束缚纠缠态的纠缠目击者的清晰形式,并且提出了一类d d束缚纠缠态,其纠缠可以通过对局域正交可观测量进行置换来探测.     

关于量子态可分性的O-约化判据

文章提出了一类纠缠目击者.它们是以局域正交可观测量的形式给出的,因而自动提供了利用局域测量和经典通信来探测纠缠的方法.利用Jamiokowski同构得到了相应的非完全正的正映射,从而导出一类新的可分性判据——O-约化判据.约化判据和重排判据都是该判据的特例.另外,还发现O-约化判据可以通过测量局域正交可观测量的一个厄米关联矩阵来获得物理的实现.作为应用,构造了Horodecki在1997年发现的第一个束缚纠缠态的纠缠目击者的清晰形式,并且提出了一类dd束缚纠缠态,其纠缠可以通过对局域正交可观测量进行置换来探测.     

Controlling entanglement sudden death in cavity QED by classical driving fields

We investigate the entanglement dynamics of a quantum system consisting of two-level atoms interacting with vacuum or thermal fields with classical driving fields. We find that the entanglement of the system can be improved by adjusting the classical driving field. The influence of the classical field and the purity of the initial state on the entanglement sudden death is also studied. It is shown that the time of entanglement sudden death can be controlled by the classical driving fields. Particularly, the entanglement sudden death phenomenon will disappear if the classical driving fields are strong enough.     

Comparative study of linear entropy and negativity in molecular vibrations

The dynamical comparison of entanglement, measured by linear entropy and negativity, is carried out for initial pure separable states in vibrations of H₂O and SO₂. It is shown that both measures of an initial state with local-mode character have the same period for H₂O, while those of an initial state with normal-mode character are no longer identical in period. When the total quantum number of the initial state is one, both measures rise and lower together with the period for H₂O being larger than that for SO₂. For a suitable state in H₂O, both measures exhibit a beat phenomenon with a long period.     

Investigating Three Qubit Entanglement with Local Measurements

In this paper we describe how three qubit entanglement can be analyzed with local measurements. For this purpose we decompose entanglement witnesses into operators that can be measured locally. Our decompositions are optimized in the number of measurement settings needed for the measurement of one witness. Our method allows to detect true threepartite entanglement and especially GHZ-states with only four measurement settings.     

Exact calculation of inverse functions

We represent continuous functions on compact intervals by sequences of functions defined on finite sets of rational numbers. We call this an exact representation. This enables us to calculate the values of the function arbitrarily exactly, without roundoff errors. As an application we develop a procedure to transfer an exact representation of an increasing function into an exact representation of the corresponding inverse function. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Generation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states for multiple atoms trapped in separated cavities

We propose a scheme for generating maximally entangled states for multiple atoms trapped in distant cavities connected by fibers. During the operation neither the atomic system nor the fibers are excited, which is important in view of decoherence. Under certain conditions, the probability that the cavities are excited is negligible. The scheme does not include projective measurement and the GHZ state is generated deterministically. Taking advantage of adiabatic passage, the entanglement fidelity is insensitive to fluctuation of experimental parameters.     

Bounds on bipartitely shared entanglement reduced from superposed tripartite quantum states

For a tripartite pure state superposed by two individual states, the bipartitely shared entanglement can always be achieved by local measurements of the third party. Consider the different aims of the third party, i.e. maximizing or minimizing the bipartitely shared entanglement, we find bounds on both the possible bipartitely shared entanglement of the superposition state in terms of the corresponding entanglement of the two states being superposed. In particular, by choosing the concurrence as bipartite entanglement measure, we obtain calculable bounds for tripartite (2 ⊗ 2 ⊗ n)-dimensional cases.     

Dynamics of entanglement in one-dimensional Ising chains with two- and three-body interactions

The evolution of entanglement in a one-dimensional Ising chain with both two-body and three-body interactions, under two types of initial states, is numerically simulated. We analyse three problems concerning the dynamics of pairwise entanglement: (i) the possibility of generating large entanglement from an initial separable state by the use of a selective irradiation scheme; (ii) the effect of three-body interaction on the generation of entanglement from an initial separable state; (iii) the effect of three-body interaction on the decay of the entanglement from a state with only (m,n)-pair maximal entangled, and the rest in product form. It is shown that a large pairwise concurrence C_mn can be obtained when the resonant, transverse radio-frequency fields are selectively switched on from the mth to nth spins. Three-body interaction will decrease the oscillation amplitude of the nearest neighbour concurrence, while the oscillation amplitude of remote pairwise concurrence will be greatly increased with the consideration of three-body interactions. For an initial (m,n)-pair maximal entangled state, a slow decay of the pairwise concurrence C_mn is found with the introduction of three-body interactions.