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The effect of Re addition on the microstructure and hardening behaviour of the dual two-phase Ni3Al (L12) and Ni3V (D022) intermetallic alloy was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Vickers hardness test. The two-phase eutectoid microstructure accompanying the Re-rich precipitates were observed in the channel region of the alloys in which Re substituted for Ni but not in those in which Re substituted for Al and V. The concomitant addition of Nb (or Ta) with Re more stabilized the two-phase eutectoid microstructure and consequently more induced the fine precipitates in the channel region. The annealing at temperatures below the eutectoid temperature was necessary to induce the fine precipitates in the channel region and thereby result in the precipitation hardening. The fine precipitation in the channel region and related hardening was attributed to the alloying feature so that Re is soluble in the A1 (fcc) phase at high temperatures and becomes less soluble in the two intermetallic phases decomposed from the A1 phase at low temperatures. 相似文献
3.
近年来,基于透射电子显微技术、微纳加工技术和薄膜制造技术的发展,原位液相透射电子显微技术产生,为构建多种纳米级分辨率尺度下的微实验平台,发展新型纳米表征技术和众多领域的相关研究提供了途径.本文首先介绍了应用于原位液相透射电子显微技术的液体腔设计要求,然后介绍了液体腔的发展和典型的制备工艺,最后综述了近年来液体腔透射电子显微镜在纳米粒子成核和生长方面的应用研究,并探讨了该技术前沿发展面临的机遇和挑战.本文将为提高我国先进纳米表征技术和原子精准构筑技术提供相关讨论和支持. 相似文献
4.
In this work the results of the statistical topometric analysis of fracture surfaces of soda-lime-silica glass with and without ionic exchange treatment are reported. In this case, the mechanism of substitution is K+-Na+. atomic force microscopy (AFM) was employed to record the topometric data from the fracture surface. The roughness exponent (ζ) and the correlation length (ξ) were calculated by the variable bandwidth method. The analysis for both glasses (subjected and non-subjected to ionic exchange) for ζ shows a value ∼0.8, this value agrees well with that reported in the literature for rapid crack propagation in a variety of materials. The correlation length shows different values for each condition. These results, along with those of microhardness indentations suggest that the self-affine correlation length is influenced by the complex interactions of the stress field of microcracks with that resulting from the collective behavior of the point defects introduced by the strengthening mechanism of ionic exchange. 相似文献
5.
Sensitivity analysis is a mathematical tool, first developed for optimization methods, which aim is to characterize a system response through the variations of its output parameters following modifications imposed on the input parameters of the system. Such an analysis may quickly become laborious when the thermal model under consideration is complex or the number of input parameters is high. In this paper, we develop a mathematical model to analyse the heat exchanges in four different types of solar air collectors. When building this thermal model we show that for each collector, at quasi-steady state, the energy balance equations of the components of the collector cascade into a single first-order non-linear differential equation that is able to predict the thermal behaviour of the collector. Our heat transfer model clearly demonstrates the existence of an important dimensionless parameter, referred to as the thermal performance factor of the collector, that compares the useful thermal energy which can be extracted from the heater to the overall thermal losses of that collector for a given set of input parameters. A sensitivity analysis of our thermal model has been performed for the most significant input parameters such as the incident solar irradiation, the inlet fluid temperature, the air mass flow rate, the depth of the fluid channel, the number and nature of the transparent covers in order to measure the impact of each of these parameters on our model. An important result which can be drawn from this study is that the heat transfer model developed is robust enough to be used for thermal design studies of most known flat plate solar air heaters, but also of flat plate solar water collectors and linear solar concentrators. 相似文献
6.
HIRFL–CSR加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
研究了重离子加速器中束流与真空中剩余气体的碰撞损失过程和碰撞截面,在依据大量实验数据的基础上,提出了一组计算离子一原子的电荷交换截面的经验公式.以兰州重离子加速器HDRFL及冷却储存环CSR为例,给出了依据碰撞截面的公式计算束流在加速器真空中的传输效率的方法,并计算了在不同真空度下HIRFL的ECR源轴向注入束运线、注入器SFC、前束运线、主加速器SSC和后束运线等不同加速阶段及CSR的传输效率,并提出合理的真空度要求.HIRFL的真空分布测量和束流的损失测量证明了该计算方法的可靠性. 相似文献
7.
8.
Johannes Elschner Rainer Hinder Gunther Schmidt 《Advances in Computational Mathematics》2002,16(2-3):139-156
This paper is devoted to the numerical study of diffraction by periodic structures of plane waves under oblique incidence. For this situation Maxwell's equations can be reduced to a system of two Helmholtz equations in R
2 coupled via quasiperiodic transmission conditions on the piecewise smooth interfaces between different materials. The numerical analysis is based on a strongly elliptic variational formulation of the differential problem in a bounded periodic cell involving nonlocal boundary operators. We obtain existence and uniqueness results for discrete solutions and provide the corresponding error analysis. 相似文献
9.
10.
非傍轴平顶高斯光束M2因子两种定义的比较研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
基于功率密度的二阶矩方法,推导出了非傍轴平顶高斯(FG)光束束宽和远场发散角的解析表达式·研究表明,当w0/λ→0时,远场发散角趋于渐近值θmax=63.435°,与阶数无关·使用非傍轴高斯光束代替傍轴高斯光束作为理想光束,研究了非傍轴FG光束的M2因子,并与传统定义的M2因子作了比较·在非傍轴范畴,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不仅与阶数N有关,而且与w0/λ有关·按照定义,当w0/λ→0时,非傍轴FG光束的M2因子不等于0,对阶数N=1,2,3时,M2因子分别趋于0.913,0.882和0.886·当N→∞时,M2因子取最小值M2min=0.816· 相似文献