稀疏光学相控阵设计方法研究

为克服光学相控阵单元间隔必须小于工作波长二分之一的限制,构建了一种稀疏光学相控阵模型。分析了一维稀疏光学相控阵在近场和远场条件下的扫描原理,并提出了一种设计方法。对其相关参数进行仿真的结果表明：稀疏光学相控阵所用的单元数目较少,单元间隔远大于工作波长,扫描范围较大,波束宽度较窄,且在整个扫描空间内没有栅瓣。因此,稀疏光学相控阵单元间隔不受工作波长的限制,同时具有较好的扫描性能。     

Inference for thinned point processes, with application to Cox processes

Given i.i.d. point processes N₁, N₂,…, let the observations be p-thinnings N′₁, N′₂,…, where p is a function from the underlying space E (a compact metric space) to [0, 1], whose interpretation is that a point of N_i at x is retained with probability p(x) and deleted with probability 1−p(x). Strongly consistent estimators of the thinning function p and the Laplace functional L_N(f) = E[e^−N(f)] of the N_i are constructed; associated “central limit” properties are given. Tests are presented, for the case when the N_i and N′_i are both observable, of the hypothesis that the N′_i are p-thinnings of the N_i. State estimation techniques are developed for the case where the N_i are Cox processes directed by unobservable random measures M_i; these techniques yield minimum mean-squared error estimators, based on observation of only the thinned processes N′_i of the N_i and the directing measures M_i. Limit theorems for empirical Laplace functionals of point processes are given.     

Lan of Thinned Empirical Processes with an Application to Fuzzy Set Density Estimation

We establish local asymptotic normality of thinned empirical point processes, based on n i.i.d. random elements, if the probability of thinning satisfies . It turns out that the central sequence is determined by the limit of the coefficient of variation of the tangent function. The central sequence depends only on the total number of nonthinned observations if and only if this limit is 1 or –1. In this case under suitable regularity conditions, an asymptotically efficient estimator of the underlying parameter can be based on only. An application to density estimation leads to a fuzzy set density estimator, which is efficient in a parametric model. In a nonparametric setup, it can also outperform the usual kernel density estimator, depending on the values of the density and its second derivative.     

低温超薄高效Cu(In,Ga)Se2太阳电池的实现

衬底温度保持恒定, 在Se气氛下按照一定的元素配比顺序蒸发Ga, In, Cu制备厚度约为0.7 μrm的Cu(In_0.7Ga_0.3)Se₂ (CIGS)薄膜. 利用X射线衍射仪分析薄膜的晶体结构及物相组成, 扫描电子显微镜表征薄膜形貌及结晶质量, 二次离子质谱仪测试薄膜内部元素分布, 拉曼散射谱 分析薄膜表面构成, 带积分球附件的分光光度计测量薄膜光学性能. 研究发现在Ga-In-Se预制层内, In主要通过晶界扩散引起Ga/(Ga+In)分布均匀化. 衬底温度高于450 ℃时, 薄膜呈现单一的Cu(In_0.7Ga_0.3)Se₂相; 低于400℃, 薄膜存在严重的Ga的两相分离现象, 且高含Ga相主要存在于薄膜的上下表面; 低于300 ℃, 薄膜结晶质量进一步恶化. 薄膜表层的高含Ga相Cu(In_0.5Ga_0.5)Se₂以小晶粒形式均匀分布于薄膜表面, 增加了薄膜的粗糙度, 在电池内形成陷光结构, 提高了超薄电池对光的吸收. 加上带隙值较小的低含Ga相的存在, 使电池短路电流密度得到较大改善. 衬底温度在550 ℃–350 ℃变化时, 短路电流密度J_SC是影响超薄电池转换效率的主要因素; 而衬底温度T_sub低于300 ℃时, 开路电压V_OC和填充因子FF降低已成为电池性能减退的主要原因. T_sub为350 ℃时制备的0.7 μm左右的超薄CIGS电池转换效率达到了10.3%. 关键词： 2薄膜')" href="#">Cu(In,Ga)Se₂薄膜 衬底温度 超薄 太阳电池     

Influence of a skull cranial window on the measurement of haemoglobin concentration in cortical tissue by multi-spectral imaging analysis

The simplified cranial window, which is transparent thinned skull, has been used for the optical imaging of cortical tissue of small animals to measure the concentration change in haemoglobin as an intrinsic signal of brain activation. The multi-spectral images of the cortical tissue of guinea pigs through the skull cranial window were compared with those of the exposed cortex to evaluate the influence of the scattering and absorption properties of the skull on the measurement of the concentration change in haemoglobin. Although skull thickness affects the sensitivity of the optical signal due to a decrease in mean optical path length in the cortical tissue, the influence of the skull cranial window on the wavelength dependence of optical path length can be ignored when the skull thickness is less than approximately 100 mm. Accurate concentration changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobins can be calculated from the optical signal measured through a skull cranial window and the wavelength dependence of optical path length for the exposed cortex.