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1.
Despite repeated calls for a thorough cleanup of water pollution in the Ganges river, there are only two papers in the social sciences by Batabyal and Beladi (2017, 2019) that have shed theoretical light on this cleanup problem and its connection to the sustainability of tourism in Varanasi. Hence, we extend the above‐mentioned analyses and focus on two specific questions. First, we introduce the notion of a safe minimum standard (SMS) into the study and show how to analyze a probabilistic model of the Ganges cleanup problem when the SMS is accounted for. Second, for a representative citizen of Varanasi, we study how the magnitude of the elasticity of substitution between a composite consumption good and water quality in the Ganges—modeled by the SMS—affects the tradeoff between consumption and water quality maintenance. 相似文献
2.
缆机是大坝浇筑过程中的主要运输设备之一,缆机驾驶员操作水平直接关系缆机起重作业安全.为有效提高缆机起重作业驾驶员操作行为可靠性,预防起重作业安全事故,针对缆机起重作业周期性多维运动的特点,分解驾驶员操作流程;剖析操作行为失误,建立驾驶员行为模式;从时间角度量化操作流程,计算缆机驾驶员操作行为响应失误概率;构建操作行为可靠性分析模型,定量表达操作行为可靠性,分析人因失误对缆机起重作业安全事故的影响.结果表明,吊具与吊罐对接、混凝土卸料等作业过程的缆机驾驶员操作行为可靠性低,需加强安全培训,严格考核制度,从根本上提高缆机驾驶员操作行为的可靠性,以期提升缆机生产效率,实现预防安全事故的目标. 相似文献
3.
Ionic liquids as stationary phases in gas chromatography: Determination of chlorobenzenes in soils
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Rosa María González Paredes Carmelo García Pinto José Luis Pérez Pavón Bernardo Moreno Cordero 《Journal of separation science》2014,37(12):1448-1455
The present research focuses on the evaluation of different ionic liquid (IL) stationary phases in gas chromatography. The different IL columns were evaluated in terms of peak resolution (Rs) and peak symmetry for the separation of the chlorobenzenes. The determination of chlorobenzenes in soil samples by means of the optimal IL stationary phase (SLB‐IL82) is proposed as an application. Soil pretreatment was based on a simplified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe extraction procedure and a large injection volume via a programed temperature vaporizer working in solvent vent mode. The retention time of the chlorobenzenes increased as the polarity of the IL column decreased. SLB‐IL82 is the stationary phase that provides the best values as regards Rs and asymmetry factor. Soil sample blanks were spiked with the analytes before subjecting the sample to the extraction process. The existence of a matrix effect was checked and the analytical characteristics of the method were determined in a fortified garden soil sample. The method provided good linearity, good repeatability and reproducibility values, and the LODs were in the 0.1–4.7 μg/kg range. Two fortified soil samples were applied to validate the proposed methodology. 相似文献
4.
J. C. Raines J. P. Schmidt J. P. Burelbach H. K. Fauske 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2006,85(1):53-55
Hydrogen
peroxide is a very versatile oxidizing agent, and it is also environmentally
compatible considering that the products of its exothermic decomposition are
oxygen and water.When kept in a clean temperature-controlled environment,
the self-reaction (decomposition) rate is extremely low. However, it is well
known that even a small amount of contamination will dramatically increase
the reaction rate. This paper describes the use of the fast thermal activity
interpreter (FTAI) instrument to examine the chemical reactivity of commercially
available 50% hydrogen peroxide at two different temperatures (30 and 40°C)
both with and without contamination. The results show that at 30°C a small
amount of rust (330 ppm) increases the reaction rate of 50% hydrogen peroxide
by a factor of 50. When the temperature is increased to 40°C, the reaction
rate is further increased by almost a factor of four. The implication for
reactivity management is that at this contamination level most practical vessel
sizes would require emergency venting capability.
An evaluation
was then performed to determine the emergency venting requirement for the
safe transportation or storage of the contaminated hydrogen peroxide. It was
determined that for quantities of the material less than 5 gallons, conventional
breather vents would be sufficient to accommodate the gas evolved. However,
for larger quantities, a safety relief device would be needed. For example,
for a 400-gallon tote bin at 40°C the required minimum vent area is estimated
to be 4.3 in2, corresponding to a minimum vent
diameter of 2.3 inches. 相似文献
5.
Safe bounds in linear and mixed-integer linear programming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Current mixed-integer linear programming solvers are based on linear programming routines that use floating-point arithmetic. Occasionally, this leads to wrong solutions, even for problems where all coefficients and all solution components are small integers. An example is given where many state-of-the-art MILP solvers fail. It is then shown how, using directed rounding and interval arithmetic, cheap pre- and postprocessing of the linear programs arising in a branch-and-cut framework can guarantee that no solution is lost, at least for mixed-integer programs in which all variables can be bounded rigorously by bounds of reasonable size.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2000):primary 90C11, secondary 65G20 相似文献
6.
7.
刘灿齐 《数学的实践与认识》1999,29(3):47-51
一个更新过程的两个随机变量的分布:间隔分布、计数分布是1—1对应的,但由间隔分布求对应的计数分布的问题尚未很好地解决。在道路断面观测交通流可得到一更新过程,车头时距和车辆到达分别是其间隔和计数。时距分布容易观测得到,而到达分布的观测却较难。因此上述数学问题的解决对交通流理论是非常有意义的,本文将研究之。 相似文献
8.
9.
对平行航路下规定安全间隔的CNS性能环境评估问题进行了研究.首先分析了CNS性能环境对飞机碰撞风险的影响,并结合Reich模型和概率论方法建立了CNS性能环境下飞机纵向、侧向和垂直方向上的碰撞风险模型;其次对碰撞风险模型进行分析转化得到了规定的安全间隔和安全目标水平下CNS性能环境的评估计算方法.最后对平行航路的CNS性能环境进行了评估计算,得到符合航路安全目标水平1.5×10~(-8)的CNS性能环境为RNP10、RCP400、RSP20. 相似文献
10.
In practical situations, systems often suffer shocks from external stressing environments, stressing the system at random. These random shocks may have non‐ignorable effects on the system's reliability. In this paper, we provide sufficient (and necessary) conditions on components' lifetimes and their surviving probabilities from random shocks for comparing the lifetimes of two fail‐safe systems by means of the usual stochastic, hazard rate, and likelihood ratio orderings. Numerical examples are presented to highlight these theoretical results as well. 相似文献