VSWR reduction for large millimeter-wave cassegrain radiotelescopes

Multiple reflections in large radiotelescopes used for astronomical spectroscopy cause characteristic modulations of the observed spectrum (baseline ripple). For a given mechanism, the magnitude of the effect depends primarily on the reflection coefficient, which for the most important paths is proportional to . Although ripple is thus generally negligible at mm-wavelengths, there are some instances where it may still be significant, and a recent experiment at the15 m James Clerk Maxwell Telescope was severely affected. We describe a technique which has proved effective in reducing the ripple to an acceptable level.The purpose of this research note is to draw this technique to the attention of the astronomical community. We calculate the reflection coefficient for a typical instrument and show that it can be greatly reduced over a very broad bandwidth by means of a tapered absorber in the centre of the secondary mirror. The graphical analysis of the tapered absorber also demonstrates that the scattering cones and circular absorbers widely used in radioastronomy donot in fact reduce the reflection coefficient significantly.     

离散孔纵向波纹隔热屏气膜冷却特性研究

本文对离散气膜孔型纵向波纹隔热屏的冷却特性进行数值计算.研究中主要参数有冷却通道无量纲高度h,波纹板无量纲高度b及气膜孔无量纲直径d.波纹板高度的变化对冷却效果的影响最为明显.波纹板高度越小,隔热屏壁面冷却效果越好.降低冷却通道高度可以提高隔热屏前面部分的冷却效果.开孔率一定,气膜孔直径较小,隔热屏冷却效果较好.     

基于性能的直流电机系统未知推力波动的自适应补偿控制

针对一类直流电机系统,设计基于性能的未知推力波动的自适应补偿控制器.由于推力波动中含有非线性化的未知参数,因此无法利用常规的自适应方法,通过直接估计这些参数对其影响进行补偿.根据未知推力波动的结构特性,基于Lipshitz条件引入推力波动项的放大技术,设计其内部非线性化未知参数的自适应估计律,精确补偿其影响,从而避免了简单的把波动看作未知扰动所造成的系统性能的损失.有别于现有模型,在模型变换中并未忽略微小等效电感的影响,使得系统模型更具一般性.仿真结果表明该自适应控制器可有效补偿推力波动的影响,实现对指令信号的高精度快速跟踪且具有较强的抗干扰性和鲁棒性.     

Vocal Fold Vibration and Phonation Start in Aspirated, Unaspirated, and Staccato Onset

Objectives/Hypotheses

Singers learn to produce well-controlled tone onsets by accurate synchronization of glottal adduction and buildup of subglottal pressure. Spectrographic analyses have shown that the higher spectrum partials are present also at the vowel onset in classically trained singers’ performances. Such partials are produced by a sharp discontinuity in the waveform of the transglottal airflow, presumably produced by vocal fold collision.

Study Design

After hearing a prompt series of a triad pattern, six singer subjects sang the same triad pattern on the vowel /i/ (1) preceded by an aspirated /p/, (2) preceded by an unaspirated /p/, and (3) without any preceding consonant in staccato.

Methods

Using high-speed imaging we examined the initiation of vocal fold vibration in aspirated and unaspirated productions of the consonant /p/ as well as in the staccato tones.

Results

The number vibrations failing to produce vocal fold collision were significantly higher in the aspirated /p/ than in the unaspirated /p/ and in the staccato tones. High frequency ripple in the audio waveform was significantly delayed in the aspirated /p/.

Conclusions

Initiation of vocal fold collision and the appearance of high-frequency ripple in the vowel /i/ are slightly delayed in aspirated productions of a preceding consonant /p/.     

宽带FRA中同时实现信号增益与噪声平坦的快速算法

首先优化了多波抽运拉曼光纤放大器的功率耦合方程,并利用小信号方法解决反向抽运的边值问题,其次采用遗传算法同时实现了信号增益谱和噪声谱的平坦.计算表明:双向抽运方式下系统噪声谱在C L波段(1.53~1.61μm)比反向抽运更为平坦;抽运光数目与增益平坦度呈非线性关系并存在下限值.通过多次测试,对于10波抽运,100信道的DWDM系统(带宽为80 nm),增益波动小于1 dB的优化时间可控制在400 s以内.     

比较逻辑与异步触发时序电路的分析和综合

本文从触发器的完整状态方程出发,研究了异步触发时序电路的分析与综合的新方法,提出了触发器的α跃变、β跃变行为可用比较运算中的小于、大于运算表示,而各触发器的α跃变、β跃变之间的覆盖关系则可用大于等于运算进行检验。在此基础上提出了适用于使用计算机的异步触发时序电路的分析和综合程序。     

模糊自抗扰控制在永磁同步电机调速系统的应用

针对直接转矩调速系统中PID控制器参数鲁棒性差,调速过程中磁链和转矩脉动大的问题,设计了一种基于模糊的改进自抗扰转速控制器;自抗扰策略代替传统的PID控制方法,模糊规则对自抗扰控制算法进行简化,减少待整定参数;与传统的PID控制方法相比,模糊自抗扰控制能提高调速系统的误差估计补偿和抗干扰能力;对比仿真结果,模糊自抗扰控制响应速度快,明显降低了系统在调速过程中的磁链和转矩脉动,表明模糊自抗扰控制具有良好的控制性能,验证了该方法的有效性。     

具有鲁棒性的矩形窄带滤光片的自动设计

分析了用于WDM光纤通信系统的全介质多腔窄带滤光片的膜系结构特点及其所必须具备的光学特性,提出了一种利用最优化方法的原理,通过计算机寻优来自动完成其膜系设计的方法;构造了合理的评价函数,编制了可自动搜索既满足设计目标、又具有鲁棒性的最优化膜系的计算机程序;使用本程序所设计出的多腔窄带滤光片具有较小的纹波系数和较好的矩形度,可满足WDM光纤通信系统对其分波/复波器的要求.     

新型水波干涉仪

介绍了自制水波干涉仪的结构,原理,制作及使用方法,利用该装置演示水波的干涉及衍射。     

波纹误差对同轴布拉格结构反射特性的影响

利用模式匹配法建立了分析波纹参数具有随机误差的矩形槽同轴布拉格结构反射特性的理论模型,并以一个以基模（TEM）工作于220 GHz附近的矩形槽同轴布拉格结构为例,研究了矩形凹槽的深度、宽度、周期长度以及位置的随机误差对其反射率频率响应的影响。数值模拟结果表明：在给定的误差范围条件下,凹槽宽度与位置的随机误差对该结构的反射性能影响较小,而凹槽深度与周期长度的随机误差是影响结构反射特性的主要因素,因此在结构的加工制备过程中应视器件性能要求严格控制两者的制造公差。