激光雷达中层大气遥感技术

介绍了中科院武汉物理与数学研究所瑞利激光雷达的技术特点，并从其对武汉地区中层大气密度和温度廓线探测的典型结果，给出了该激光雷达对中层大气主要参数的探测能力。     

Sensitivity of depolarized lidar signals to cloud and aerosol particle properties

Measurements from depolarized lidars provide a promising method to retrieve both cloud and aerosol properties and a versatile complement to passive satellite-based sensors. For lidar observations of clouds and aerosols, multiple scattering plays an important role in the scattering process. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to investigate the sensitivity of lidar backscattering depolarization to cloud and aerosol properties. Lidar parameters are chosen to be similar to those of the upcoming space-based CALIPSO lidar. Cases are considered that consist of a single cloud or aerosol layer, as well as a case in which cirrus clouds overlay different types of aerosols. It is demonstrated that besides thermodynamic cloud phase, the depolarized lidar signal may provide additional information on ice or aerosol particle shapes. However, our results show little sensitivity to ice or aerosol particle sizes. Additionally, for the case of multiple but overlapping layers involving both clouds and aerosols, the depolarized lidar contains information that can help identify the particle properties of each layer.     

A Pseudo-Random Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave Coherent Lidar Using an Optical Field Correlation Detection Method

We propose a new detection method for a pseudo-random frequency modulation continuous wave (RM-CW) coherent lidar. The feature of this method is modulation of local beam with a time delayed pseudo-random sequence. Heterodyne detection and correlation detection between the received beam and the local beam are simultaneously carried out in an optical field. In the RM-CW coherent lidar using the optical field correlation detection method, the received equipment is greatly simplified. We carried out preliminary experiments and demonstrated that the new method is effective for detection of a CW coherent lidar.     

Chiroptical detection. Novel possibilities of its application to enantiomers

Summary Polarimetric and/or circular dichroic detection of enantiomers after liquid chromatography on optically active sorberts has been used for the following purposes: determination of enantiomeric purity in spite of peak overlap, investigation of enantiomerization during chromatography, monitoring of racemizations and recording of circular dichrograms without preparative enrichment of enantiomers. Novel examples for all applications are give. The general prospects for chiroptical detection are discussed.     

条纹管激光成像系统空间分辨力实验研究

简要分析了非扫描激光成像的技术优势,介绍了利用条纹管实现非扫描激光成像的工作原理,说明了图像空间分辨力与系统距离精度的对应关系。对影响图像空间分辨力的主要因素进行了理论分析,得到了系统总空间分辨力与各单元器件空间分辨力和放大倍率的对应关系,在此基础上,对现有条纹管成像系统进行了相应的计算,得到了空间分辨力的理论预期值;最后,提出了一种基于分辨力板成像的系统空间分辨力测试方法,设计了相应的验证实验,对实测图像进行了去噪处理和数据分析,得到了图像的衬比度传递函数(CTF)曲线,通过衬比度传递函数分析,计算出了成像系统的实际空间分辨力,并将实测的分辨力数据与理论值进行了对比分析。     

基于Raman激光雷达反演大气污染气体浓度几种方法

筊aman激光雷达是探测大气污染气体的一种重要方法,雷达回波反演是其中的重要步骤,反演的关键在于正确得到透过率指数因子。以消光系数为中心的三个方案,介绍了目前已普遍采用的方法、应用532 nm大气消光系数间接求取α(λ₁,z)和α(λ_２,z)。提出了两种新方法：(1) 采用拉曼波长与待测气体相近的参考气体,α(λ₁,z)＝α(λ_２,z);(2) 借助λ₁和λ₂的Mie-Rayleigh散射回波求取指数因子。     

非线性拉曼激光雷达测量CO2气体的研究

提出了利用气体的受激拉曼散射(SRS)效应激光雷达光源来探测大气中的CO2气体的新方法,设计出探测大气中CO2气体含量的非线性拉曼增益激光雷达,用Nd:YAG激光器(1064 nm)的三倍频光(354.7 nm)通过分别装有CO2气体和N2气体的拉曼管,分别得到CO2气体和N2气体的受激拉曼散射的一阶斯托克斯线(S1),并用S1线作为雷达的种子发射光源.通过实验得到拉曼管中的气压与S1能量的变化关系,对其优化条件和物理机制进行了分析.该实验方法已经成功测出了大气中CO2气体的回波电压信号.     

星载海洋激光雷达最佳工作波长分析

星载激光雷达是实现海洋垂直剖面探测的有效工具,也是目前迫切需求的海洋光学遥感手段。对星载海洋激光雷达的波长参数进行评估对保证探测有效性具有重要意义。本文从探测深度和信噪比两方面分析了星载海洋激光雷达探测全球海洋的最佳波长。利用MODIS 10个波段的水体光学特性数据,估算全球海水探测深度及相应的最优波长;并根据太阳夫琅禾费暗线特性,对信号信噪比进行优化。结果表明:在探测深度方面,最优探测波长在488 nm波段的海洋占全球海洋面积的70%左右,并且全球95%以上的海域在488 nm波段的探测深度优于0.8倍的真光层深度;在信噪比方面,相对于488 nm波段,486.134 nm夫琅禾费暗线处采用0.1 nm带宽的滤光片可以将背景光强度降低70%,相应地回波信噪比整体提升了约5.0%。就全球海洋探测来说,使用486.134 nm作为探测波长可以提高探测深度,有效抑制太阳背景光,提高信噪比,因此,486.134 nm是星载海洋激光雷达的最佳工作波长。     

Theoretical description of improving measurement accuracy for incoherence Mie Doppler wind lidar

For the nonlinearity of Fabry-Perot interferometer(FPI) transmission spectrum,the measurement uncertainty of incoherent Mie Doppler wind lidar based on it increases evidently with the increase of backscattering signal Doppler shift.A method of repeating the use of the approximate linear part of FPI transmission spectra for reducing the high uncertainty of a big Doppler shift is proposed.One of the ways of realizing this method is discussed in detail,in which the characteristics of FPI transmission spectrum changing with thickness and incident angle are utilized simultaneously.Under different atmosphere conditions,it has been proved theoretically that the range of measurement uncertainty drops to one-sixth while its minimum has no serious change.This method can be used not only to guide the new system design,but also as a new working way for the fabricated system.     

基于Gm-APD的成像激光雷达目标探测特性

针对采用盖革模式雪崩光电二极管（Gm-APD）作为探测器的成像激光雷达,介绍了其测距原理及3D成像原理,并对如何提高其探测性能的方法进行了分析。以分析Gm-APD触发信号的统计特性为基础,对出现在距离门内不同位置目标的探测概率和虚警概率进行了研究与仿真,结果表明,目标处在距离门最前面时,探测概率受噪声水平影响最小,虚警概率受信号强度影响最大;目标靠近距离门中间位置时,探测概率随噪声水平增大下降缓慢,虚警概率随信号强度增大下降缓慢;目标处在距离门末尾时探测概率受噪声水平影响最大,而虚警概率几乎与回波信号强度无关。