Living anionic polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐pentadiene and (Z)‐1,3‐pentadiene isomers

The anionic polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐pentadiene (EP) and (Z)‐1,3‐pentadiene (ZP) together with mixture of the E/Z isomers are investigated, respectively. The kinetic analysis shows that the activation energy for EP (86.17 kJ/mol) is much higher than that for ZP (59.03 kJ/mol). GPC shows that it is the EP rather than the ZP isomer that undergoes anionic living polymerization affording quantitative products of the polymers with well‐controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (1.05 ≤? ≤ 1.09). In addition, THF as polar additive has proved its validity to reduce the molecular weight distribution of poly(ZP) from 1.38 to as low as 1.19. The microstructure and sequence distributions of polypentadiene are characterized by ¹H NMR and quantitative ¹³C NMR. Finally, the distinctive reaction activity of two isomers can be elucidated by two different mechanisms which involve the presence of four forms of zwitterions for EP and the typical [1,5]‐sigmatropic hydrogen‐shift phenomenon for ZP. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016 , 54, 2291–2301     

Polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐Pentadiene and (E)‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene with neodymium catalysts: Examination of the factors that affect the stereoselectivity

(E)‐1,3‐Pentadiene (EP) and (E)‐2‐methyl‐1,3‐pentadiene (2MP) were polymerized to cis‐1,4 polymers with homogeneous and heterogeneous neodymium catalysts to examine the influence of the physical state of the catalyst on the polymerization stereoselectivity. Data on the polymerization of (E)‐1,3‐hexadiene (EH) are also reported. EP and EH gave cis‐1,4 isotactic polymers both with the homogeneous and with the heterogeneous system, whereas 2MP gave an isotactic cis‐1,4 polymer with the heterogeneous catalyst and a syndiotactic cis‐1,4 polymer, never reported earlier, with the homogeneous one. For comparison, the results obtained with the soluble CpTiCl₃‐based catalyst (Cp = cyclopentadienyl), which gives cis‐1,4 isotactic poly(2MP), are examined. A tentative interpretation is given for the mechanism of the formation of the stereoregular polymers obtained and a complete NMR characterization of the cis‐1,4‐syndiotactic poly(2MP) is reported. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3227–3232     

三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯/四氯化钛复合体系引发 1, 3-戊二烯的阳离子聚合

研究了以三氟甲基磺酸三甲基硅酯[(CH~3)~3SiOSO~2CH~3,TMSOFf]为主引发剂,TiCl~4为共引发剂的复合引发体系对1,3-戊二烯(PD)的聚合行为。TMSOTf/TiCl~4复合体系引发PD不但比单独的TiCl~4引发具有更高的引发活性,而且提高了聚合物分子量,能把聚合反应速率提高8.8倍,把聚合物的收率从TiCl~4引发的62.5%提高到95%以上。对该复合体系聚合PD的动力学,反应机理所作的研究表明:TMSOTf和TMSOTf/TiCl~4都是通过它们与体系中残存水通过水解生成的质子酸引发进行的,聚合反应属一级反应。在该体系中加入酮类后,产率和分子量均降低,但均随着酮类的位阻的增加而增大。     

Diene-functional macromonomers by a single-step free radical addition–fragmentation reaction. Syntheses and kinetics

A new chain transfer agent, 5-tert-butylthio-1,3-pentadiene (TBPD or 7, 7-dimethyl-6-thia-1,3-octadiene) was used in the free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate and styrene to produce conjugated diene-end capped macromonomers by a free radical addition–fragmentation mechanism. The chain transfer was found to be degradative. A new kinetic model was proposed to describe the retarded polymerization. The kinetic parameters per-taining to transfer, reinitiation, primary radical termination, and mutual termination of the primary radicals were evaluated at different temperatures permitting precise theoretical prediction of the functionalities. The chain transfer constants, calculated using a modified Mayo's equation revealed better transfer properties for MMA. The macromonomers were synthesized by high conversion polymerization. Characterizations of the macromonomers revealed that copolymerization predominated over the fragmentation following 1,4-addition, although the former reaction is not detrimental for the chain-end functionalization. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Synthesis of Copolymers by Living Carbanionic Alternating Copolymerization

The synthesis and characterization of copolymers from styrene and 1,3‐pentadiene (two isomers) are reported. Styrene/1,3‐pentadiene (1:1) copolymerization with carbanion initiator yield living, well‐defined, alternating (r₁ = 0.037, r₂ = 0.056), and highly stereoregular copolymers with 90%–100% trans‐1,4 units, designed M_ns and low Ð_Ms (1.07–1.17). The first‐order kinetic resolution and NMR spectra demonstrate that the copolymers obtained possess strictly alternating structure containing both 1,4‐ and 4,1‐enchaiments. Also a series of copolymers with varying degrees of alternation are synthesized from para‐alkyl substituted styrene derivatives and 1,3‐pentadiene. The degree of alternation is strongly dependent on the polarity of solvent, reaction temperature, type of trans‐cis isomer of 1,3‐pentadiene and para‐substituted group in styrene. The macro zwitterion forms (SPC) through the distribution of electronic charges from the donor (1,3‐pentadiene) to the acceptor (styrenes) are proposed to interpret the carbanion alternating copolymerization mechanism. Owing to the versatility of the carbanion‐initiating reaction, the present alternating strategy based on 1,3‐pentadiene (especially cis isomer) can serve as a powerful tool for precise control of polymer chain microstructure, architecture, and functionalities in one‐pot polymerization.

     

~1H-NMR谱表征聚异戊二烯和聚间戊二烯及异戊二烯间戊二烯共聚物的微观结构

利用400 MHz高分辨率核磁共振氢谱,首先对聚异戊二烯橡胶和聚间戊二烯橡胶的微观结构分别进行分析,进而对异戊二烯-间戊二烯共聚物的微观结构进行了研究,建立了聚异戊二烯、聚间戊二烯以及异戊二烯间戊二烯共聚物微观结构的核磁共振氢谱分析方法。     

α-蒎烯和间戊二烯共聚工艺

研究了共聚反应条件对α-蒎烯（α-P）和间戊二烯(PD)共聚产物的影响,确定最佳反应条件为：反应时间2 h,原料比例n(α-P)∶n(PD)=1∶2,反应温度15 ℃,溶剂甲苯,催化剂AlCl3用量为单体总质量1%,获得产物树脂的收率为72.3%,软化点为121.3 ℃,色度为4,相对分子质量为1549,相对分子质量分布为1.92。 其热稳定性和粘结相容性好。     

开环夹心化合物

本文介绍八十年代初合成的一类新的过渡金属有机化合物,即五元开环夹心化合物的生成,结构,化学键和物理化学性质。     

戊二烯快速反应点火特性的光谱研究

采用ＯＭＡⅢ光多道谱仪、单色谱仪及作者研制的相关测试技术,研究了高温激波管中戊二烯快速反应光谱和点火延迟时间。研究表明：利用各种谱仪技术能较好地研究易挥发燃料的快速反应点火特性。利用谱仪技术所确认的较早出现的反应中间产物来测定的点火延迟时间,与国内外常用的全色光技术进行了比较。     

(Z)-1-苯基-1-对氟苯基-2-对甲苯磺酰基-1,4-戊二烯的合成及其晶体结构

通过1-苯基-2-对甲苯磺酰基乙炔、对氟苯基氯化锌及烯丙基溴的三组分串联反应,合成了(Z)-1-苯基-1-对氟苯基-2-对甲苯磺酰基-1,4-戊二烯(1),其结构经1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HR-MS和XRD表征.1为Z-构型,属单斜晶系,空间群P21/c, a=9.899 1(20)(A), b=9.621 9(20)(A), c=21.812 9(15)(A), β=95.575(10)°, V=2067.8(6)(A)3, Z=4, Dc=1.254 g·cm3, μ=0.181 mm-1, λ=0.710 73(A), F(000)=816, R=0.046 3, wR=0.134 1.共收集到3 684个独立衍射点,其中I>2σ(I)的可观察点为2 989.