化学教育研究:范式的转变

化学教育起源于化学科学,是科学教育的一个重要分支。在回顾中外化学教育研究不同发展路径的基础上,提出我国化学教育学科要努力从“教学法”范式转变为实证研究范式。探讨了基于证据的化学教育研究的3个主要议题,即研究问题、理论基础和研究方法,介绍了基于证据的化学教育研究的论文写作规范。最后对在我国化学教育界推进实证研究提出若干建议。     

Waves in microstructured solids and the Boussinesq paradigm

The emergence of soliton trains and interaction of solitons are analyzed by using a Boussinesq-type equation which describes the propagation of bi-directional deformation waves in microstructured solids. The governing equation in the one-dimensional setting is based on the Mindlin model. This model includes scale parameters which show explicitly the influence of the microstructure in wave motion. As a result the governing equation has a hierarchical structure. The analysis is based on numerical simulation using the pseudospectral method. It is shown how the number of solitons in emerging trains depends on the initial excitation. The head-on collision of emerged solitons is not fully elastic due to radiation but the solitons preserve their identity after collision and the speed of solitons is retained while the radiation keeps a certain mean value. That is why we have kept through this paper the notion of solitons.     

凝聚态物理学中的基本概念

本文首先根据物质世界的层次化来说明凝聚态物理学在当今物理学中所处的地位,并阐述了复杂与简单的辨证关系,来说明为何这一学科至今仍然富有生命力;进而对这一学科的范围进行了讨论,强调了位形空间和动量空间中都存在多种类型的凝聚现象,而相应的凝聚体构成了这一学科的研究对象;还探讨了处理凝聚态理论问题的量子物理与经典物理方法有效领域的界限与分野;最终对此学科的发展历史进行回顾,并追溯和剖析了其概念全系的演变,     

提取诱发遗忘的执行控制机制

提取诱发遗忘是指对于部分记忆材料的回忆往往会导致对于其他相关记忆材料的回忆量降低的现象.本研究采用中文材料再认测试的提取练习范式,探讨了不同控制能力的被试以及在提取-诱发遗忘(RIF)效应上的不同特点和机制.结果表明:(1)回忆正确率存在RIF效应,即Nrp的回忆正确率显著高于Rp-.(2)用Stroop效应的强弱作为执行控制能力的指标,高执行控制能力者比低控者表现出更强的提取诱发遗忘效应,证明了提取诱发遗忘的执行控制机制.     

对绿洲生态学范式的哲学思考

拟结合绿洲生态学研究在哲学理论方面的最新进展,对干旱区绿洲生态学范式进行分析,并对涉及到的绿洲生态系统平衡与非平衡,同质性与异质性,等级缀块等生态范式等问题加以探讨。     

学习范式下留学生大学化学全英文授课的教学改革

分析了以“教”为中心的教学范式和以“学”为中心的学习范式，并将学习范式实施于留学生大学化学全英文授课中，旨在提高课程教学质量。探究了学习范式对实现教育目标和促进学生有效学习的作用，并对该方法的实施过程进行了分析。结果表明，学习范式的实施对提高学生的有效学习和教育目标层次提高有重要作用，同时有助于教师自身的发展和提高。     

Epidemiology and Self-Organized Critical Systems: An Analysis in Waiting Times and Disease Heterogeneity

The dominant paradigm in epidemiology is characterized by the absence of a theory of disease that is capable of informing epidemiologic praxis and challenging conventional linear statistical reasoning. This paper has two main objectives: first, it is a reflection over the pathologic process (transition from health to disease state) in line with the nonlinear dynamic paradigm of self-organized critical systems. According to the latter, dynamic processes are characterized by phase transitions, emergence, robustness, far-from-equilibrium dynamics, punctuated equilibria, historically-based mechanic, nonlinearity, irreversibility, and heterogeneity. Further, complex adaptive systems have outcomes with inverse power law (IPL) fits. The article second objective is to test the theory of self-organized critical systems along two paths of epidemiologic investigations. The first path takes the form of a study in waiting times (WT) and attempts to show that their distribution complies with an IPL. The second application shows that hierarchies of patients (generated by cluster analysis) with a complex disease process (diabetes) featuring coupling of their component units (biologic markers of glucose handling) also fit an IPL. The IPL fit is compared with that of a lognormal, the more likely benchmark model for WTs. It is concluded that both the WTs and hierarchies of patients can be interpreted in terms of self-organized critical systems with possible fractal significance. The paper culminates with a theory of disease emphasizing the properties of self-organized complex systems in the epidemiologic context.     

软件重用技术与GIS软件开发研究

给出了软件重用的定义,研究了领域分析、重用再工程、面向对象的程序开发方法以及基于重用的软件开发原则和软件重用技术在地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）软件开发中的应用．     

Virtual worlds as meeting places for formal systems

Over the last seven years, we have been exploring the use of collaborative virtual environments called Virtual Worlds (VWs) as a new type of testbed for experimenting with ways of organizing and integrating diverse types of computational and human processes. In other papers, we have discussed a wide variety of applications to fields as diverse as education and software engineering. In this paper, we focus on some of the mathematical experiments we are currently building in these environments.