Non‐Doped Sky‐Blue OLEDs Based on Simple Structured AIE Emitters with High Efficiencies at Low Driven Voltages

Blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are necessary for flat‐panel display technologies and lighting applications. To make more energy‐saving, low‐cost and long‐lasting OLEDs, efficient materials as well as simple structured devices are in high demand. However, a very limited number of blue OLEDs achieving high stability and color purity have been reported. Herein, three new sky‐blue emitters, 1,4,5‐triphenyl‐2‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (TPEI), 1‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐diphenyl‐2‐(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (TPEMeOPhI) and 1‐phenyl‐2,4,5‐tris(4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)phenyl)‐1H‐imidazole (3TPEI), with a combination of imidazole and tetraphenylethene groups, have been developed. High photoluminescence quantum yields are obtained for these materials. All derivatives have demonstrated aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior, excellent thermal stability with high decomposition and glass transition temperatures. Non‐doped sky‐blue OLEDs with simple structure have been fabricated employing these materials as emitters and realized high efficiencies of 2.41 % (4.92 cd A⁻¹, 2.70 lm W⁻¹), 2.16 (4.33 cd A⁻¹, 2.59 lm W⁻¹) and 3.13 % (6.97 cd A⁻¹, 4.74 lm W⁻¹) for TPEI, TPEMeOPhI and 3TPEI, with small efficiency roll‐off. These are among excellent results for molecules constructed from the combination of imidazole and TPE reported so far. The high performance of a 3TPEI‐based device shows the promising potential of the combination of imidazole and AIEgen for synthesizing efficient electroluminescent materials for OLED devices.     

Achieving Pure Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence with CIE y≤0.06 via a Rational Design Approach for Highly Efficient Non‐Doped Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes

Deep‐blue fluorescent emitters with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) y≤0.06 are urgently needed for high‐density storage, full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. However, developing such emitters with high color purity and efficiency in solution‐processable non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains an important challenge. Here, we present the synthesis of two new deep‐blue fluorescent emitters ( AFpTPI and AFmTPI ) based on 10‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine as a core and 1,3‐ and/or 1,4‐phenylene‐linked triphenylimidazole (TPI) analogues for non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and device characteristics are explored, and also strongly supported by density functional theory (DFT) study. AFpTPI and AFmTPI exhibit excellent thermal stability (≈450 °C) with high glass transition temperatures (T_g; 141–152 °C) and deep‐blue emission with high quantum yields. Specifically, the solution‐processed non‐doped device with AFpTPI as an emitter exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.56 % with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06), which exactly matches the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) blue standard. In addition, AFmTPI also displays good efficiency and better color purity (EQE: 3.37 %; CIE (0.15, 0.05)). To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first report on non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs with efficiency close to 5 % and CIE y≤0.06.     

外延在蓝宝石衬底上的非掺杂GaN研究

采用改变生长条件的方法制备GaN薄膜,在(0001)面蓝宝石衬底上利用金属有机物化学气相沉积技术制备了不同样品,并借助X射线双晶衍射仪(XRD)、PL谱测试仪和光学显微镜对材料进行了分析。XRD(0002)面和(1012)面测试均表明TMGa流量为70 cm3/min时样品位错密度最低。利用该TMGa流量进一步制备了改变生长温度的样品。XRD和PL谱测试结果表明,提高生长温度有利于提高GaN样品的晶体质量和光学性能。最后,利用光学显微镜对样品的表面形貌进行了分析。     

两种蒽衍生物类深蓝光材料的合成与发光性能

利用Suzuki偶合反应合成了两种新的蒽衍生物9,10-二(2-联苯基)蒽(BBPA)和9,10-二[2-(α-萘基)苯基]蒽(BNPA),化合物结构通过核磁、质谱及元素分析进行了表征。量子化学计算结果显示,这两种化合物都具有非共面的分子结构,光物理性能主要决定于分子中的蒽结构单元。这两种化合物在二氯甲烷溶液中均可发射高效率的蓝光。BBPA在固态薄膜状态下的发射光谱相对其二氯甲烷溶液的发射光谱明显变宽,而BNPA的固态薄膜并未发生光谱变宽现象。分别利用化合物BBPA和BNPA作为发光层材料,制备出了非掺杂的深蓝光电致发光器件。发光层为BBPA的电致发光器件的最大外量子效率和CIE色坐标分别为2.48%和(0.16,0.09);基于BNPA的电致发光器件的最大外量子效率为2.68%,CIE色坐标为(0.15,0.07)。所制备的这两种器件均表现出了较低的开启电压和良好的稳定性。     

一种基于二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶-N,C4'][3-乙酰基-1,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]-2-庚酮-O,O]铱(Ⅲ)的非掺杂蓝色磷光发光器件

以2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶(Hdfpypy)为主配体,空间位阻的3-乙酰基樟脑(Hacam)为辅助配体,合成了二-[2',6'-二氟-2,3'-联吡啶-N,C4'][3-乙酰基-1,7,7-三甲基-双环[2.2.1]2-庚酮-O,O]铱(Ⅲ)((dfpypy)2Ir(acam))。在四氢呋喃(THF)溶液中,配合物光致发光(PL)光谱最大发射峰值为466 nm,在487nm左右有一个不明显的肩峰,半峰宽为55 nm。配合物在脱气THF溶液中的PL量子效率为0.51。以(dfpypy)2Ir(acam)为发光层,制备了器件结构为ITO/HATCN(1 nm)/TAPC(40 nm)/(dfpypy)2Ir(acam)(10 nm)/BmpypB(40 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(90 nm)的蓝色非掺杂磷光发光器件。电致发光(EL)光谱的最大发射峰值为474 nm。器件的启动电压为3.5 V。在电流密度为20 mA·cm-2时,CIE色坐标值为(0.17,0.29)。在驱动电压为11 V时,器件最大亮度为2 170 cd·m-2。在驱动电压为4.2 V时,最大功率效率为5.25 lm·W-1,最大亮度效率为6.45 cd·A-1。     

不对称刚性扭曲菲并咪唑分子的设计合成及其深蓝电致发光性能研究

本研究通过不对称、刚性扭曲的分子设计理念,合成了高效深蓝有机电致发光材料MBTPI。该化合物具有很高的分解温度(496℃)与玻璃转化温度(190℃),有利于提高器件的稳定性;不对称刚性扭曲的分子构型有效控制了分子的整体共轭程度,使发光波长在深蓝光区,固体发光量子产率高达74%。理论计算验证了分子不对称扭曲的构型,并且发现甲基的引入对前线轨道分布影响不大,分子保留了较好的双极性质。基于MBTPI的非掺杂器件发射出非常高效的深蓝光。色纯度为(0.15,0.07),非常接近NTSC的蓝光标准(0.14,0.08)。最大外量子效率为4.91%,并且效率滚降很小,为性能最好的非掺杂深蓝光器件之一。     

TBVB用作蓝光发光层的非掺杂有机电致蓝光和白光器件

利用一种来源于PPV的发蓝光的齐聚物材料2,5,2',5'-tetra(4'-biphenylenevinyl)-biphenyl(TBVB)制作非掺杂的有机电致蓝光和白光器件。蓝光器件的结构为ITO/NPB/TBVB/Alq₃/LiF/Al,其中TBVB用作发光层;白光器件的结构为ITO/NPB/TBVB/rubrene/Alq₃/LiF/Al,其中TBVB与超薄层(平均“厚度”0.05~0.20nm)的Rubrene相结合用作发光层,二者分别发蓝光和黄光。在蓝光器件中,当TBVB的厚度为30nm时,器件发出色坐标为(0.20,0.26)的蓝光,其最大亮度和效率分别达到2154cd/m²和1.62cd/A。在白光器件中,可通过调节TBVB和Rubrene的厚度实现对器件发光色度的调节。当TBVB和Rubrene的厚度分别为10,0.15nm时,器件在亮度为4000cd/m²时发光色坐标为(0.33,0.34),非常接近白光等能点,且随着电压的变化始终处于白光区。当电压为16V时该器件达到最高亮度4025cd/m²;当电压为6V时器件有最高的效率3.2cd/A。     

Enhancement of Frster energy transfer from thermally activated delayed fluorophores layer to ultrathin phosphor layer for high color stability in non-doped hybrid white organic light-emitting devices

Fluorescence/phosphorescence hybrid white organic light-emitting devices(WOLEDs) based on double emitting layers(EMLs) with high color stability are fabricated.The simplified EMLs consist of a non-doped blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence(TADF) layer using 9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine-diphenylsulfone(DMAC-DPS) and an ultrathin non-doped yellow phosphorescence layer employing bis[2-(4-tertbutylphenyl)benzothiazolato-N,C2']iridium(acetylacetonate)((tbt)_2Ir(acac)).Two kinds of materials of 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline(Bphen) and 1,3,5-tris(2-Nphenylbenzimidazolyl) benzene(TPBi) are selected as the electron transporting layer(ETL),and the thickness of yellow EML is adjusted to optimize device performance.The device based on a 0.3-nm-thick yellow EML and Bphen exhibits high color stability with a slight Commission International de l'Eclairage(CIE) coordinates variation of(0.017,0.009) at a luminance ranging from 52 cd/m~2 to 6998 cd/m~2.The TPBi-based device yields a high efficiency with a maximum external quantum efficiency(EQE),current efficiency,and power efficiency of 10%,21.1 cd/A,and 21.3 lm/W,respectively.The ultrathin yellow EML suppresses hole trapping and short-radius Dexter energy transfer,so that Forster energy transfer(FRET)from DMAC-DPS to(tbt)_2Ir(acac) is dominant,which is beneficial to keep the color stable.The employment of TPBi with higher triplet excited state effectively alleviates the triplet exciton quenching by ETL to improve device efficiency.