尺寸排阻色谱对增能火药中硝化甘油分布与迁移规律的研究

用尺寸排阻色谱的方法研究了高氮量单基火药吸收硝化甘油以后硝化甘油的分布规律及加速老化过程中硝化甘油的迁移规律。结果表明,硝化甘油在高氮量单基火药中分布服从高斯分布。老化过程中,这种分布向方差增大的高斯分布变化。给出了硝化甘油迁移的速度常数,这对于增能火药的贮存和使用具有重要作用。     

Acrylate terpolymer in fabrication of medicated skin patches

An acrylate based pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) was synthesized to design a drug‐in‐adhesive (DIA) type transdermal therapeutic system (TTS) for nitroglycerin used in the treatment of angina pectoris. 2‐Ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylic acid (AA) were used to synthesize the PSA by free radical solution polymerization. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, initiator concentration and solvent on polymerization were studied. The synthesized terpolymer was characterized by ¹H‐NMR, FT‐IR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and also evaluated for intrinsic viscosity, refractive index, peel strength, moisture uptake and skin irritation potential. The PSA was used to develop DIA type patches of nitroglycerin. The patches were cast using solvent evaporation technique and dried at controlled temperature. The patches were evaluated for thickness uniformity, weight variation, peel strength and moisture pick‐up. The percent drug content and in vitro drug release was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. On the basis of in vitro release profile, patches were selected for in vitro skin permeation studies. The developed formulation TP‐1 (K = 24.892 mcg/cm²/hr) followed zero‐order rate kinetics and showed better skin permeation rate in comparison to the marketed TTS (MTTS) (K = 17.413 mcg/cm²/hr). TP‐1 was subjected to stability testing for a period of 1 year according to ICH guidelines. The patches were found to be stable and an expiry date of 2 years was predicted with storage at 25 °C or below. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于拉曼光谱的硝酸甘油对活体血液作用的实时分析

利用拉曼光谱对注射硝酸甘油后的活体裸鼠体内动脉血液进行实时连续无损的分析,每隔10s获取一个动脉血管内血液的拉曼光谱,光谱分析表明,活体血液的拉曼光谱主要体现在以下几个位置:1548,1618,1654cm-1(与蛋白质相关)和1125cm-1(与血糖相关)。通过分析部分特征峰发现注射硝酸甘油后在280~730s内光谱强度下降,表明体内血液浓度变稀,这可能是由于血管扩张引起的。峰强度在注射硝酸甘油前后的变化为:1548cm-1峰强度从1965.42降到1273.61,下降了35.2%,1125cm-1峰强度从411.59降到223.79,下降了46.63%,说明血液中蛋白质、血糖的含量有不同程度的减少,即裸鼠体内血液中的血红蛋白质发生变性、血糖含量明显降低。拉曼光谱活体实时分析技术为研究硝酸甘油代谢机理提供了新的技术和方法。     

硝化甘油安定性在线检测技术研究

为了实现连续在线检测硝化甘油的安定性,以代替100多年来一直采用的阿贝尔耐热分析方法,减少工序、消除危险,达到安全生产的目的,进行了该课题的研究.检测了硝化甘油各种参数物理量与硝化甘油安定度的关系,将精选出来的有效表征物理量进行详尽系统的试验,确定了将硝化甘油电导率作为硝化甘油安定性在线检测的表征物理量,并进行在线跟踪...     

Effect of pressures on decomposition reaction kinetics of double-base propellant catalyzed with cerium citrate

The decomposition reaction kinetics of the double-base (DB) propellant (No. TG0701) composed of the mixed ester of triethyleneglycol dinitrate (TEGDN) and nitroglycerin (NG) and nitrocellulose (NC) with cerium(III) citrate (CIT-Ce) as a combustion catalyst was investigated by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) under flowing nitrogen gas conditions. The results show that pressure (2 MPa) can decrease the peak temperature and increase the decomposition heat, and also can change the mechanism function of the exothermal decomposition reaction of the DB gun propellant under 0.1 MPa; CIT-Ce can decrease the apparent activation energy of the DB gun propellant by about 35 kJ mol⁻¹ under low pressure, but it can not display the effect under high pressure; CIT-Ce can not change the decomposition reaction mechanism function under a pressure.     

Synthesis and characterization of nitroglycerin‐functionalized polystyrene

The synthesis and characterization of diethyl oxomalonate‐, glycerol‐, and nitroglycerin‐functionalized polystyrene (DPS, GPS, and NGPS) from polystyrene (PS) by the chemical‐modification route were explored. DPS was synthesized by the Friedel–Crafts acylation of PS with diethyl oxomalonate in the presence of SnCl₄ by a batchwise‐addition process. Proton NMR studies indicate that the acylation was essentially quantitative. IR spectroscopy was additionally used to confirm the transformation. The reduction of DPS was carried out using various reduction agents and reaction conditions. The sodium hydride reduction in tetrahydrofuran resulted in a quantitative conversion to GPS as estimated by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Treatment of GPS with a nitrating mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids results in the formation of NGPS. All the polymers were characterized using gel permeation chromatography, IR, UV, ¹H spectroscopic techniques, pyrolysis‐mass spectrometry, and thermogravimetric analysis. This is the first investigation on the syntheses of DPS, GPS, and NGPS. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1203–1215, 2001