Complex thermal evolution of size-stabilized tetragonal zirconia

Zirconia nanopowder with doping YO_1.5 contents between 0 and 1 mol% were synthesized by the Pechini method. The crystallite dimensions of the powder, around 10 nm, allows for the size stabilization of the tetragonal polymorph over the thermodynamically stable monoclinic one. As the nanopowders are heated to 1200 °C and subsequently cooled back to room temperature, a complex evolution of the phase composition occurs. Upon heating the tetragonal phase transforms slowly into the monoclinic one and the transition cannot be completed before entering the stability range of the tetragonal phase (above 1150 °C). Upon cooling, on the other hand, the reaction is considerably faster and the complete transformation into the monoclinc phase occurs in a narrow temperature range. Rietveld analysis of the high temperature X-ray patterns revealed as, during heating, the transition is mainly controlled by microstructural parameters and in particular it is triggered by the release of RMS microstrain. Upon cooling, on the other hand, the transition is kinetically controlled by the doping content.     

扫描隧道显微术中的微分谱学及其应用

文章介绍了扫描隧道显微术中微分谱学的原理及其在实验中的诸多应用。微分谱（dI／dV谱）和dI／dV成像可用来研究电子局域态密度在能量和空间的分布，即微分谱固定空间一点，反映电子态密度以能量为变量的分布；而dI／dV图像则反映某给定能量的电子局域态密度以空间为变量的分布，二次微分谱（d^2I／dV^2谱）和二次微分成像可以用来反映分子的非弹性隧穿过程，从而研究分子的振动态。