纳通道的物质传输特性及应用

近年来,随着材料科学、微纳加工技术和微纳尺度物质传输理论的发展,纳通道技术得到了越来越多的研究和关注。纳通道包括生物纳通道和人工纳通道,其孔径通常为1~100 nm。在这一尺度下,通道表面与通道内物质之间的作用概率大大增强,使得纳通道表现出许多与宏观体系不同的物质传输特性,例如通道表面电荷与通道内离子之间的静电作用产生了离子选择性,通道内电化学势的不对称分布产生了离子整流特性,物质传输过程中占据通道产生了阻塞脉冲特性等。纳通道中的这些物质传输特性在传感、分离、能源等领域具有广泛应用,例如通过对纳通道进行功能化修饰可以实现门控离子传输;利用亚纳米尺度的通道可以实现单分子传感;利用通道与传输物质之间的相互作用可以实现离子、分子、纳米粒子的分离;利用纳通道的离子选择性可以在通道内实现电荷分离,将不同形式的能量（如光、热、压力、盐差等）高效转化为电能。纳通道技术是化学、材料科学、纳米技术等多学科的交叉集合,在解决生物、环境、能源等基本问题方面具有良好的前景。该文综述了近10年来与纳通道物质传输理论以及纳通道技术应用相关的前沿研究,梳理了纳通道技术的发展过程,并对其在各个领域的应用进行了总结与展望。     

金纳米通道的研究及其在分析化学中的应用

微纳尺度的研究是微纳米技术的重要组成部分。本文重点对金纳米通道的制备及其在分离分析、传感器等方面的研究和应用作了评述。展望了金纳米通道的应用前景。     

基于仿生智能纳米孔道的先进能源转换体系

自然界中的生命体系经过40多亿年的进化,实现了对能源的高效转换、存储和利用.特别是生物膜上的各类孔道结构在其中起着重要作用.基于仿生智能纳米通道的先进能源转换体系从生物离子通道中获取与能量转换相关的启示(例如,电鳗放电、ATP合成、视网膜、紫膜等),从原理和结构上模仿生命体系中高效能量转换的某一个侧面,通过产能材料的设计和转换器件的组装,实现机械能到电能、光能到电能、光能到化学能等不同能量形式之间的转换.我们综述了目前应用人工合成的纳米尺度孔道结构进行仿生能源转换的三个热点领域:纳米流体动能-电能转换,纳米流体反向电渗析系统和基于仿生智能纳米孔道的先进能源转换体系.基于智能纳米孔道的能源转换方法摆脱了传统发电设备所必需的机械转动装置的束缚,在可以预见的范围内,仿生产能器件的效能必将超越已有人工体系,为面向未来的能源技术的创新提供了新思路,新理论和新方法.     

A molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale convective heat transfer with the effect of axial heat conduction

Effective heat dissipation from nano-fluidic devices is sometimes necessary to ensure their performance and lifespan. In the molecular dynamics simulation of nanoscale convective heat transfer, thermostats cannot be directly applied to the fluid because of the non-uniform temperature distribution. Periodic boundary is typically utilised, but unrealistic axial heat conduction exists when there is a temperature difference between the outlet and images of inlet atoms. In this paper, the effect of axial conduction caused by periodic boundary is investigated through the Péclet number (Pe). Taking viscous dissipation into consideration, the magnitude of outlet thermal diffusion is observed to decrease with increasing Pe. The local average temperature of fluid changes in an exponential form except in the region close to the outlet. Results show that the contribution of outlet axial conduction to the local average temperature is less than 2.0% when Pe > 10. The main reason is that the magnitude of fluid velocity and viscous heat dissipation in nanochannels is much larger than that in macro-channels at the same Péclet number.     

Au纳米颗粒作用下的仿生纳米通道

在自然界的生物体系中,各种各样的离子通道对物质交换、能量输运等生理过程起着重要作用.用人工制备的仿生纳米器件模仿生物孔道的离子输运性质是一项非常具有挑战性的课题.通过在对称柱形聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）聚合物孔道中引入非对称结构,获得了一种具有高整流比的人工纳米孔道体系.通过带正电荷的2-十一烷基-1-二硫脲乙基咪唑啉季铵盐（SUDEI）在柱形纳米孔道的单面吸附,使体系具有了非对称的电荷分布和几何结构,从而具有非线性的离子输运性质,表现出较好的门控性能.Au纳米颗粒可以与SUDEI以Au-S键稳定结合,有效地减小柱孔一端的孔径,进一步提高体系的门控比,且该纳米通道体系非对称响应离子输运有很好的稳定性.     

纳米通道内超疏水性表面气泡的运动

疏水表面纳米气泡的运动有重要的应用价值和研究意义。本文采用分子动力学方法,模拟了纳米通道壁面为超疏水性时壁面上气泡的运动状况。在质量力驱动下,随着外界驱动力的增大,两壁面上的气泡被逐渐拉长,同时逐渐变得扁平;前端"接触角"逐渐增大,而后端"接触角"逐渐减小。纳米通道内疏水性表面的纳米气泡随着外部驱动力的变化呈现出不同的形态,变化程度随着驱动力的增大而增大。在不同驱动力作用下,两个气泡总是保持相同的速度,气泡的速度与外力驱动的大小呈线性增长趋势。随着外力的增大,边界层及通道中心速度皆呈现增大趋势。     

Mass transfer of a neutral solute in polyelectrolyte grafted soft nanochannel with porous wall

A soft nanochannel involves a soft interface that contains a polyelectrolyte layer (PEL) sandwiched between a rigid surface and a bulk electrolyte solution. Mass transfer of a neutral solute in a combined electroosmotic and pressure driven flow through a polyelectrolyte grafted charged nanochannel with porous wall is presented in this work. Assuming the PEL as fixed charged layer and PEL-electrolyte interface as a semi-penetrable membrane, analytical solutions were obtained for potential distributions (for small wall potential). Velocity profiles were also derived in the same domains, for both inside and outside the PEL. Convective-diffusive species balance equation was semi-analytically solved inside the PEL. Expression of length averaged Sherwood number was also obtained and effects of different parameters, namely, drag parameter (α), Debye parameter , and PEL thickness were studied in detail. The variation of permeate concentration and permeation flux across the porous wall was obtained.     

Electroosmotic Driving Liquid Using Nanosilica Packed Column

The packed-bed electroosmotic pump (p-EOP) can manipulate liquid with pressure as high as 50 MPa and micro flowrate ranging from several nL/ min to several μL/min1-3. The p-EOP is matching to micro systems and suitable for developing chip liquid chromatography/electrochromatography for proteomics and high throughput HPLC for drug discovery4-6. There are some efforts to improve the performance p-EOP7-8 recently. In this paper, the nanosilica was chosen as the electroosmotic carrier to i…     

粗糙微通道内液体流动的多尺度耦合模拟

采用分子动力学与有限容积法多尺度耦合算法对粗糙微通道内的液体Poiseuille流动进行了模拟。分析了粗糙元高度、分布以及几何形状对通道内流动速度和边界滑移长度的影响。结果表明：随着粗糙元高度的增加,流动速度和粗糙元间隙底部壁面上滑移长度均减小;粗糙元分布越密或不同几何形状粗糙元所对应的固壁原子数越多,滑移长度越小,但...     

Design and Fabrication of a Biomimetic Nanochannel for Highly Sensitive Arginine Response in Serum Samples

Inspired from their biological counterparts, chemical modification of the interior surface of nanochannels with functional molecules may provide a highly efficient means to control ionic or molecular transport through nanochannels. Herein, we have designed and prepared a aldehyde calix[4]arene (C4AH), which was attached to the interior surface of a single nanochannel by using a click reaction, and that showed a high response for arginine (Arg). Furthermore, the nanofluidic sensing system has been challenged with complex matrices containing a high concentration of interfering sequences and serum. Based on this finding, we believe that the artificial nanochannel can be used for practical Arg‐sensing devices, and be applied in a biological environment.