小型企业规模的有效性分析

在当代企业纷纷追求规模的不断扩大的同时，统计数据却显示企业平均规模不断下降的事实趋势。论根据数学、经济学与博弈论的有关理论对企业规模小型化的内在要求进行了探讨，分析的结论一致证明：粘型化规模在当代经济环境中是充分有效的。     

Fiber-in-Tube Solid Phase Extraction (FIT-SPE) for Miniaturized Sample Preparation Process

A typical analytical separation procedure has several important steps: sample preparation, isolation, identification, quantitation, statistical evaluation and final decision. Each step is alwayscritical to obtain correct results to fulfill the analytical purpose. In these various steps sample     

Miniature electrophoresis for speed and productivity

Attempts to miniaturize electrophoresis (EP) to save time or enhance productivity and efficiency remains a challenge for science and industry. Other advantages of miniaturization include: increased sensitivity, saving of reagents, greater yield of data, and enabling studies where only small samples are available. Since electrophoresis that takes hours may be reduced to a matter of minutes, the limitations of miniaturization in clinical, industrial, and research applications are evaluated. Clinical electrophoresis (EP) on cellulose acetate media can be performed in 3.5 min instead of 20–45 min and on SDS polyacrylamide gels in 15–30 min compared with conventional 3–8 h.     

Ion/molecule reactions in a miniature RIT mass spectrometer

Ion/molecule reactions were explored in a newly developed miniature mass spectrometer fitted with a rectilinear ion trap (RIT) mass analyzer. The tandem mass spectrometry performance of this instrument is demonstrated using collision induced dissociation (CID) and ion/molecule reactions. The latter includes Eberlin transacetalization reactions and electrophilic additions. Selective detection of the chemical warfare simulant dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) was achieved through selective Eberlin reactions of its characteristic phosphonium fragment ion CH3OP(+)(O)CH3 (m/z 93), with 1,4-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane. Efficient adduct formation as a result of electrophilic attack by the phosphonium ion on various nucleophilic reagents, including 1,1,3,3-tetramethyl urea, methanesulfonic acid methyl ester, dimethyl sulfoxide and methyl salicylate, was also observed using the RIT device. The product ions of these reactions were analyzed using CID and the characteristic fragmentation patterns of the ionic addition products were recorded using multiple-stage experiments in the miniature RIT instrument. This study clearly demonstrates that a small, home-built, miniature RIT mass spectrometer can be used to perform analytically useful ion/molecule reactions and also that instruments like this have the potential to provide a portable platform for in situ detection of organophosphorus esters and related compounds with high specificity using tandem mass spectrometry.     

一种适合视频瞄准具的电子分划叠加电路系统

对视频电子分划瞄准具进行了设计。根据视频图像电子叠加原理,完成了屏幕存储映射方式的电子分划线及操作提示符场叠加。系统核心是由单片机、视频叠加显示芯片、数字电位器和单稳态延时电路组成,具有叠加图像与场景图像同显、手动二维调节瞄准分划线位置及改变OLED亮度对比度、热图极性转换和手动非均匀校正等功能。     

Some LC experiments with capillary columns

Some experimental results of LC in capillary columns are presented. The possible effect of turbulence which has been much emphasised lately is overrated. The future of LC in capillary columns lies in extreme miniaturization.     

Microfluidic systems in clinical diagnosis

The use of microfluidic devices is highly attractive in the field of biomedical and clinical assessments, as their portability and fast response time have become crucial in providing opportune therapeutic treatments to patients. The applications of microfluidics in clinical diagnosis and point-of-care devices are continuously growing. The present review article discusses three main fields where miniaturized devices are successfully employed in clinical applications. The quantification of ions, sugars, and small metabolites is examined considering the analysis of bodily fluids samples and the quantification of this type of analytes employing real-time wearable devices. The discussion covers the level of maturity that the devices have reached as well as cost-effectiveness. The analysis of proteins with clinical relevance is presented and organized by the function of the proteins. The last section covers devices that can perform single-cell metabolomic and proteomic assessments. Each section discusses several strategically selected recent reports on microfluidic devices successfully employed for clinical assessments, to provide the reader with a wide overview of the plethora of novel systems and microdevices developed in the last 5 years. In each section, the novel aspects and main contributions of each reviewed report are highlighted. Finally, the conclusions and future outlook section present a summary and speculate on the future direction of the field of miniaturized devices for clinical applications.     

指控装备通信接口可重构测试系统软件框架设计

指控装备通信接口种类繁多,每种接口的测试需求也不尽相同,传统接口测试系统大多仅针对某个厂家的具体设备和接口开发,功能单一,软硬件重用率低,更新维护成本高。针对上述问题,分析总结了指控装备通信接口的接口特性和测试需求,通过深入研究小型化SCA技术,设计了满足通信接口可重构测试需求的自定义中间件和自定义核心框架,完成了可在通用小型硬件平台上实现的指控装备通信接口可重构测试系统软件框架。由系统典型测试流程图可看出,用户仅通过更改应用组件和系统配置即可实现对多种通信接口的可重构测试,增强了测试系统的通用性和灵活性,提高了测试系统软硬件的重用率,降低了接口测试系统的开发和维护费用。     

一种新型的变像管用复合聚焦-偏转系统

 介绍了一种新型的多极式偏转器——8瓣状多极偏转器,它可通过将一旋转对称电极均匀开槽切割为８片而成。通过对圆周上各电极电位分布作傅里叶分析,获得了在其内部产生近乎均匀横向偏转场所需要的电极电位设置规律。由于其结构上的旋转对称性以及Laplace方程解的调和性,当在此8瓣偏转器各电极上同时叠加一聚焦透镜所需电位时,它所产生的场中多极场分量为16极场或者更多极场而不影响近轴区的聚焦效果,因而其能与常用的圆筒形电极相结合而形成复合聚焦-偏转系统。其具有的聚焦偏转特性也通过相关的定性分析得以验证。同时,这样结构上的优化也为变像管的小型化设计提供了可能性。