Refrigerated shelf-life evaluation of high pressure processed,raw and sous vide cooked lobster

ABSTRACT

High pressure processing (HPP) and sous vide may increase the shelf-life of high value seafood products without the use of additives. This study investigated the effects of 150MPa or 350MPa for 10min on microbial, sensory, and physicochemical qualities of raw and subsequently sous vide cooked (65°C) lobster tails during 28 days of refrigerated storage. Raw lobster pressurized at 350MPa or sous vide cooked maintained significantly lower microbial counts, total volatile base nitrogen, and biogenic amine levels. Due to off-odors, 90% and 60% of sensory respondents rejected the control and 150MPa raw samples, respectively, by day 7, while 70% rated the 350MPa samples as still acceptable on day 28. For cooked lobster, only 20% of the respondents rejected any samples by day 28. Moderate HPP conditions were effective in extending refrigerated shelf-life of vacuum-packaged raw lobster tails. However, HPP pretreatment did not contribute to additional shelf-life extension for sous vide cooked products.     

Action potential-induced fluorescence changes resolved with an optical fiber carrying excitation light

With the use of a single, implantable, optical fiber, to excite fluorescence and detect changes from voltage-sensitive dyes, transmembrane potential changes were measured without the need for a clear line-of-sight path between the excitation light, the tissue, and the detector. In a previous study, we were required to use signal averaging and could detect only cardiac action potentials from frog. In the present study we improved this system so that unaveraged cardiac action potentials were resolved with high fidelity, and action potentials from single nerve axons were detected. Endeavors to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio resulted in the selection of a larger core fiber with a rounded tip, styryl dyes, and filters based upon fluorescence spectra of the dyes when bound to membrane (rather than in solution). The frog gave signals nearly comparable in magnitude and signal-to-noise ratio to those seen with systems that use a fluorescence microscope. Action potential-induced signals could be detected in single lobster axons with the intracellular injection of a dye. The improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio allowed the use of a reduced-intensity excitation illumination which produced less bleaching of the dye.     

探讨斐波纳契对虾树的优美性

具有完美匹配M的n阶树T是强优美的,如果对任意uv∈M,存在树T的一个优美标号f,使得f(u)+f(u)=n-1.给出了二分奇优美树和强优美树的概念,证明了斐波纳契对虾树是二分奇优美和强优美树.     

A Comparative Analysis of Conventional and Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES)-Mediated Strategies for the Extraction of Chitin from Marine Crustacean Shells

Chitin, the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, is utilised in a wide range of applications including wastewater treatment, drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, and stem cell technology among others. This review compares the most prevalent strategies for the extraction of chitin from crustacean sources including chemical methods that involve the use of harsh solvents and emerging methods using deep eutectic solvents (DES). In recent years, a significant amount of research has been carried out to identify and develop environmentally friendly processes which might facilitate the replacement of problematic chemicals utilised in conventional chemical extraction strategies with DES. This article provides an overview of different experimental parameters used in the DES-mediated extraction of chitin while also comparing the purity and yields of associated extracts with conventional methods. As part of this review, we compare the relative proportions of chitin and extraneous materials in different marine crustaceans. We show the importance of the species of crustacean shell in relation to chitin purity and discuss the significance of varying process parameters associated with different extraction strategies. The review also describes some recent applications associated with chitin. Following on from this review, we suggest recommendations for further investigation into chitin extraction, especially for experimental research pertaining to the enhancement of the “environmentally friendly” nature of the process. It is hoped that this article will provide researchers with a platform to better understand the benefits and limitations of DES-mediated extractions thereby further promoting knowledge in this area.     

The effect of processing treatments on the radiation-induced ESR signal in the cuticle of irradiated Norwat lobster (Nephrops norvegicus).

Cooked, frozen or chilled whole tails of Norway lobster were either not irradiated or given doses of 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 kGy using a cobalt 60 source. The cuticle was removed, freeze-dried and ground before determination of the free radical concentration using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy. The ESR signal strength increased linearly with increasing irradiation dose. In comparison to the chilled samples, cooking before irradiation significantly increased (69%) signal intensity whereas cooking after irradiation decreased (27%) signal strength. Irradiating the samples in the frozen state did not significantly alter the free radical concentration in the cuticle.     

龙虾树的多级距离标号

连通图G的多级距离标号是指顶点集y(G)到{0,1,2,…}的一个映射f,它使得对于任意的u,u∈y(G)满足:|f(u) - f(v)|≥diam(G)+1-d(u,u),其中diam(G)是图G的直径,d(u,v)是两点u,u之间的距离.函数f的跨度是指max u,v∈V(G){f(u)-f(v)}.图G的多级距离数是指它的所有多级距离标号的最小跨度.本文研究了一类关于权中心点对称的龙虾树,并得出了它的多级距离数的一个下界,进而得出了它在某些特殊情况下的多级距离数的确切值.