用毛细管测量纯水表面张力系数的误差讨论

通过用毛细管测量纯水表面张力系数实验，得到管内径d与接触角θ的相对误差之间的关系曲线，由此说明实验测得的表面张力系数α和理论公式相比呈现一定的偏差，并简单地讨论了实验的理想状态与实际情况的差别．     

内源全息术的原理和数学描述

以往的全息术在对原子成像时,在相干光源、探测器空间分辨和信号强度三个方面遇到了难以克服的困难. 阐述了内源全息术克服这些困难的原理,研究了内源全息术的记录和再现全过程,推导出内源球面全息图的再现公式,并在散射因子球对称近似和能量无关近似下,推导出以δ函数表示原子全息再现像的解析表达式. 关键词： 内源全息术 同步辐射 晶体结构 傅里叶变换     

The near-field effect in a system of two-level dipole particles

We have solved a self-consistent problem on interaction of two dipole atoms located at an arbitrary distance from each other with the field of a quasiresonance light wave, whose intensity is sufficient for the system to manifest nonlinear properties. The atoms are considered as two-level systems described by means of Bloch optical equations, while the field inside of the system includes both Coulomb and retarded parts. We consider a situation where atoms are identical and the distance between them is much smaller than the length of an outer light wave. The distribution of an electric field both inside of a small object and outside of it is found numerically. It is shown that the amplitude of the electric field in a wave zone depends substantially on the frequency of the external field and interatomic distance, while the field distribution differs from the field pattern of an electric dipole. At definite values of the external field intensity an optical multistability is a feature of the system under investigation. We have elucidated the conditions under which the multistability is manifested in the present system. The results obtained are considered as the near-field effect in the optics of small objects, which makes it possible to investigate the structure of small objects by means of optical radiation. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 67, No. 3, pp. 375–378, May–June, 2000. The present work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Fundamental Research (grant 98-02-16035) and by a grant from the Federal Purpose-Oriented Program “Integration.”     

Film thickness measurement with an ultrasonic transducer

A technique for measuring condensate film thickness using an ultrasonic transducer is described. In the experiment, the condensate film thickness with R-113 and FC-72 (a fluorinert compound developed by the 3M Company) condensing on the horizontal lower surface of a rectangular duct was measured at several locations. From the measured values a power law relation between the condensate film thickness and the axial distance from the leading edge of the condensing surface was derived by regression analysis. Assuming a linear temperature profile in the condensate film, local and average heat transfer coefficients were computed from the condensate film thickness. The average heat transfer coefficients were compared with the values obtained by measuring the heat transfer rate to the coolant. The two values were within ±12% of each other. As yet there is no satisfactory analytical model to predict the local heat transfer coefficient even in the annular condensation regime. One of the main difficulties in modeling the condensation is the lack of a suitable model to predict the interfacial shear stress. With the measurement of the film thickness it is possible to determine the interfacial shear stress. It is hoped that the shear stresses so determined will lead to the development of a satisfactory model for interfacial shear stress with condensation.     

Repetition-rate Tube-shaped Nd∶YAG Laser

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｓｅｙｅａｒｓ，ｓｏｌｉｄｓｔａｔｅｌａｓｅｒｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｓｒａｐｉｄｌｙ．Ｔｈｅｒｅ’ｒｅｍａｎｙｔｙｐｅｓｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｓｔａｔｅｌａｓｅｒｓ，ｂｕｔＮｄ∶ＹＡＧｌａｓｅｒｉｓｓｔｉｌｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏ...     

A股上市公司内部人股票买卖行为及获利能力分析

系统地分析了2006年至2011年我国A股市场上市公司的内部人在二级市场的交易行为及其收益预测.结论表明:尽管在我国证券市场中存在针对内部人交易的法律法规,但总体上内部人在交易中仍然表现出良好的时机把握能力.不论是买入还是卖出,均能获得显著的超额收益.内部人交易超额收益的大小受到公司所有权性质、内部人类型等因素的影响.一方面,较于董事、监事等内部人,高管获利能力普遍较强,而其中董事长和总经理的获利能力最强;另一方面,由于我国特殊的公司所有权性质与晋升机制,使得国有上市公司的董事长和总经理利用内部人交易获利的动机小于非国有企业;规模越大的国有上市公司,其董事长和总经理通过内部人交易获取超额收益的程度也越小.     

Atmospheric Plasma Sterilization and Deodorization of Dielectric Surfaces

A method is presented for rapid and uniform sterilization and deodorization of dielectric surfaces. The technology is applicable to the inside surface of PET or glass bottles, polymer caps, plastic tubes, etc. The treatment is based on a pulsed RF discharge in air at atmospheric pressure (eventually with addition of argon) creating a nonequilibrium plasma on the treated surface. The plasma effectively destroys microorganisms in vegetative or sporulent form. It also slightly etches the polymeric material, removing some atomic layers and, thereby, cleaning it from aromatic organic components (deodorization). The process is short: PET bottles 1.5 L, in particular, can be treated in about 20 msec. The results of surface analysis and microbiological, chromatography, and spectroscopy tests are discussed. A device has been developed and integrated into an industrial-filling machine for online sterilization and deodorization of the inside surface of PET bottles before filling, and for sterilization of caps and bottle necks before seaming. It allows cold asceptic filling at a rate of 36,000 bottles per hour.     

Near-field effect in optics of small objects composed of dipole atoms

A self-consistent problem of interaction of two dipole atoms separated by an unrestricted distance with the field of a quasi-resonance light wave was solved on the assumption that the investigated atoms are Lorentz linear oscillators and the polarizing fields inside the system consist of the Coulomb and the retarded parts. The solution obtained was investigated for the case where the atoms have the same polarizability and the distance between them is much smaller than the length of the external light wave. Formulas for the electric fields inside a small object and outside it have been obtained. It is shown that inside a small two-atom object there can take place longitudinal and transverse optical vibrations accompanied by corresponding dispersion effects depending on the interatomic distance and the angle between the axis of the system and the direction of propagation of the external light wave. The field outside the small object in the wave zone is linearly polarized when the external wave has linear polarization. However, the direction of polarization of the corresponding waves is largely determined by their frequency. It is also shown that the amplitude of the field outside the small object in the wave zone depends greatly on the frequency of the external field and the interatomic distance. The effects observed are considered as a near-field effect in optics of small objects. This phenomena makes it possible to investigate the structure of small objects with the use of optical radiation. Ul'yanovsk Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 48 Goncharov Str., Ul'yanovsk, 432700, Russia; e-mail: gadomsky@quant.univ.simbirsk.su. Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 66, No. 6, pp. 765–770, November–December, 1999.