What’s Wrong with Einstein’s 1927 Hidden-Variable Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics?

Einsteins unpublished 1927 deterministic trajectory interpretation of quantum mechanics is critically examined, in particular with regard to the reason given by Einstein for rejecting his theory. It is shown that the aspect Einstein found objectionable—the mutual dependence of the motions of particles when the (many-body) wavefunction factorises—is a generic attribute of his theory but that this feature may be removed by modifying Einsteins method in either of two ways: using a suggestion of Grommer or, in a physically important special case, using a simpler technique. It is emphasized though that the presence or absence of the interdependence property does not determine the acceptability of a trajectory theory. It is shown that there are other grounds for rejecting Einsteins theory (and the two modified theories), to do with its domain of applicability and compatibility with empirical predictions. That Einsteins reason for rejection is not a priori grounds for discarding a trajectory theory is demonstrated by reference to an alternative deterministic trajectory theory that displays similar particle interdependence yet is compatible with quantum predictions.PACS: 03.65.Bz.Essay written in memory of J.T. Cushing.     

VPγ radiative decay of resonances dynamically generated from the vector meson–vector meson interaction

We evaluate the radiative decay into a vector, a pseudoscalar and a photon of several resonances dynamically generated from the vector–vector interaction. The process proceeds via the decay of one of the vector components into a pseudoscalar and a photon, which have an invariant mass distribution very different from phase space as a consequence of the two vector structure of the resonances. Experimental work along these lines should provide useful information on the nature of these resonances.     

剖面隐马氏模型训练算法的改进

利用剖面隐马氏模型获得多序列联配，一般需要经过初始化、训练、联配三个过程．然而，目前广泛采用的Baum—welch训练算法假设各条可观察序列互相独立，这与实际情况有所不符．本文对剖面隐马氏模型，给出可观察序列在互相不独立情况下的改进Baum—wlelch算法，在可观察序列两种特殊情况下（互相独立和一致依赖），得到了改进算法的具体表达式，讨论了一般情况下权重的选取方法．最后通过一个具体的蛋白质家族的多序列联配来说明改进算法的效果．     

基于EM算法的因子分析中隐变量的条件概率密度函数

因子分析是一种重要的多元统计分析技术,可以采用EM算法迭代得到模型的未知参数,其中一个关键的问题就是在已知观测数据和前一次迭代得到的参数估计值的条件下,如何得到隐变量的条件概率密度函数.国内外的有关文献都不加说明地直接给出了这个函数,本文给出了详细的推导过程.     

基于系统调用的实时IDS方案

给出一种基于进程系统调用的实时IDS方案.该方案选择网络服务进程(特权进程)作为系统的代表进行监测,使用隐马尔可夫模型(HMM)对系统行为进行模拟和测试,使用实时P(O|λ)值和近期对“某些重要文件”的读、写频率这两个条件作为判断系统是否遭受入侵的标准.实验和分析表明,该方案有较高的预报准确率和较小的时间开销.     

由定子电流信号分析陀螺电机滚珠轴承故障诊断与分类（英文）

在陀螺电机中,轴承故障是最普遍的失效形式。针对陀螺电机球轴承中各组成部分出现故障难以区分,而更换整套轴承又造成巨大浪费的问题,提出了一种基于电流信号分析的陀螺电机轴承故障分类方法。该方法通过采集定子电流信号,并应用数学分析工具,提取出定子电流的特征信号。通过使用顺序递推法排除了冗余和无效特征,然后用最佳的特征信号建立特征空间。通过使用隐马尔科夫模型,对轴承的典型故障(外环故障、内环故障、球故障和保持架故障)进行了准确的分类。该方法的有效性在一台具有不同轴承故障的直流无刷陀螺电机上得到验证,实验结果显示分类的正确率达到97.1%。     

On the Consequences of Retaining the General Validity of Locality in Physical Theory

The empirical validity of the locality (LOC) principle of relativity is used to argue in favour of a local hidden variable theory (HVT) for individual quantum processes. It is shown that such a HVT may reproduce the statistical predictions of quantum mechanics (QM), provided the reproducibility of initial hidden variable states is limited. This means that in a HVT limits should be set to the validity of the notion of counterfactual definiteness (CFD). This is supported by the empirical evidence that past, present, and future are basically distinct. Our argumentation is contrasted with a recent one by Stapp resulting in the opposite conclusion, i.e. nonlocality or the existence of faster-than-light influences. We argue that Stapps argumentation still depends in an implicit, but crucial, way on both the notions of hidden variables and of CFD. In addition, some implications of our results for the debate between Bohr and Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen are discussed.     

Extended structures and new infinite-dimensional hidden symmetries for the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton-axion theory with multiple vector fields

A so-called extended elliptical-complex (EEC) function method is proposed and used to further study the Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton-axion theory with p vector fields (EMDA-p theory, for brevity) for . An Ernst-like matrix EEC potential is introduced and the motion equations of the stationary axisymmetric EMDA-p theory are written as a so-called Hauser–Ernst-like self-dual relation for the EEC matrix potential. In particular, for the EMDA-2 theory, two Hauser–Ernst-type EEC linear systems are established and based on their solutions some new parametrized symmetry transformations are explicitly constructed. These hidden symmetries are verified to constitute an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra, which is the semidirect product of the Kac–Moody algebra and Virasoro algebra (without centre charges). These results show that the studied EMDA-p theories possess very rich symmetry structures and the EEC function method is necessary and effective.