Difference Families in Z2d+1⊕Z2d+1 and Infinite Translation Designs in Z⊕Z

We analyse 3-subset difference families of Z_2d+1⊕Z_2d+1 arising as reductions (mod 2d+1) of particular families of 3-subsets of Z⊕Z. The latter structures, namely perfect d-families, can be viewed as 2-dimensional analogues of difference triangle sets having the least scope. Indeed, every perfect d-family is a set of base blocks which, under the natural action of the translation group Z⊕Z, cover all edges {(x,y),(x′,y′)} such that |x−x′|, |y−y′|≤d. In particular, such a family realises a translation invariant (G,K₃)-design, where V(G)=Z⊕Z and the edges satisfy the above constraint. For that reason, we regard perfect families as part of the hereby defined translation designs, which comprise and slightly generalise many structures already existing in the literature. The geometric context allows some suggestive additional definitions. The main result of the paper is the construction of two infinite classes of d-families. Furthermore, we provide two sporadic examples and show that a d-family may exist only if d≡0,3,8,11 (mod 12).     

求幂级数收敛半径的方法

指出了文 [1 ]中一个考研题的错误解法 ,并给出求幂级数收敛半径的几种方法     

Extending modules relative to a torsion theory

An R-module M is said to be an extending module if every closed submodule of M is a direct summand. In this paper we introduce and investigate the concept of a type 2 τ-extending module, where τ is a hereditary torsion theory on Mod-R. An R-module M is called type 2 τ-extending if every type 2 τ-closed submodule of M is a direct summand of M. If τ _I is the torsion theory on Mod-R corresponding to an idempotent ideal I of R and M is a type 2 τ _I -extending R-module, then the question of whether or not M/MI is an extending R/I-module is investigated. In particular, for the Goldie torsion theory τ _G we give an example of a module that is type 2 τ _G -extending but not extending.     

双棱镜干涉实验中的参量取值研究

本文从理论上推导出双棱镜干涉实验中各参量的取值范围,并通过实验研究找到测量误差小于1%时各参量的取值,这为减小实验误差提供了理论和实验依据.     

Investigation into Sonogashira reaction on 5-iodo-1-(phenyl/p-halophenyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile compounds

Investigation into Sonogashira reaction on 5-iodo-1-(phenyl/p-halophenyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile compounds had been developed by introducing an iodo atom at the C-5 position of the imidazole ring of 5-amino-1-(phenyl/p-halophenyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile compounds. Specifically, 5-iodo-1-(4-iodophenyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile compound had shown double Sonogashira coupling reactions with two differently substituted iodine along with the formation of two other compounds where an unusual coupling product with self-aggregation property was obtained. In other cases, monocoupling had been observed together with another compound where iodine atom present at C5 position of imidazole was replaced by hydrogen atom.     

Computing economies of vertical integration,economies of scope and economies of scale using partial frontier nonparametric methods

So far, in the nonparametric literature only full frontier nonparametric methods have been applied to search for economies of scope and scale, particularly the data envelopment analysis method (DEA). However, these methods present some drawbacks that might lead to biased results. This paper proposes a methodology based on more robust partial frontier nonparametric methods to look for scope and scale economies. Through this methodology it is possible to assess the robustness of these economies, and in particular to assess the influence that extreme data or outliers might have on them. The influence of the imposition of convexity on the production set of firms was also investigated. This methodology was applied to the water utilities that operated in Portugal between 2002 and 2008. There is evidence of economies of vertical integration and economies of scale in drinking water supply utilities and in water and wastewater utilities operating mainly in the retail segment. Economies of scale were found in water and wastewater utilities operating exclusively in the wholesale, and in some of these utilities diseconomies of scope were also found. The proposed methodology also allowed us to conclude that the existence of some smaller utilities makes the minimum optimal scales go down.     

从最优规模到更大的最优规模--理性企业规模的线性优化

企业效益是以规模为基础的，不同企业最优规模及达到的方式不同。本讨论了企业为获得最优效益，在理性、线性的最优规模下处理过剩资源，单纯的规模扩张及价格与产量关系线性时的规模扩张。指出在初步最优规模，无过剩资源时，单纯的规模扩张以资源同增长的方式最优；在价格与产量关系线性时，企业有最优扩张系数，最大的最优规模。     

概念力学分析中的延拓方法

在概念力学分析基本方法如动因素法、主响应法和极端形态界定法等基础上发展了延拓分析 的方法, 亦即以分析对象的一个概念力学基本分析模型为出发点, 通过不断延拓的分析过程 来达到解决一系列具有工程实际意义问题的目的. 给出了管道有暖流通过时管壁的内力与变 形分析和多层框架在均匀温降或楼面载荷作用下的弯矩分析等两个实际分析案例. 揭示了如 何在延拓分析过程中结合运用概念力学分析的其他基本方法以取得突破, 并进而确定结构受 力响应基本形态的过程.     

用单色亮度比较法确定高温黑体的温度

高温黑体温度的测量水平将直接影响光谱辐射度量值的不确定度。我国的高温温标截止于 2 2 0 0℃。确定2 2 0 0℃以上范围内的温度必须进行温度延伸。从Planck公式的定义出发 ,推导出用单色亮度比较法进行温度延伸的原理和方法。在国家光谱辐射度基准改造中 ,该方法被用来确定高温黑体的温度。实验证明 :使用参考灯替代法能够有效消除探测器灵敏度漂移带来的误差。此外 ,旁证实验用来验证该方案的可行性。     

概率统计课程中拓广引申式教学法探索

概率论和数理统计研究的是随机现象,有许多本学科独有的思维方式和解题模式.学生初学时会面临全新的困难.如何让学生较快地适应本课程的学习?如何引导学生主动地发现问题和探索问题?着重介绍了作者从自己的教学实践中总结出的一套行之有效的方法——拓广引申式教学法.