拟静态法测定混合溶剂的汽化热和汽化熵

讨论了沸点升高法测定混和溶剂化热和汽化熵的原理，并用拟静态法测定了乙醇－丙酮，并－四氯化碳和苯，甲苯三组混和溶剂在不同组成下的正常沸点，根据沸点数据求得了混和泶微分汽化热和汽化熵，实验结果表明，二元混和溶剂与理想溶液偏离不大时，其正常汽化熵符合Ｔｒｏｕｔｏｎ规则。     

Free‐energy differences between states with different conformational ensembles

Multiple conformations separated by high‐energy barriers represent a challenging problem in free‐energy calculations due to the difficulties in achieving adequate sampling. We present an application of thermodynamic integration (TI) in conjunction with the local elevation umbrella sampling (LE/US) method to improve convergence in alchemical free‐energy calculations. TI‐LE/US was applied to the guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to 8‐Br‐GTP perturbation, molecules that present high‐energy barriers between the anti and syn states and that have inverted preferences for those states. The convergence and reliability of TI‐LE/US was assessed by comparing with previous results using the enhanced‐sampling one‐step perturbation (OSP) method. A linear interpolation of the end‐state biasing potentials was sufficient to dramatically improve sampling along the chosen reaction coordinate. Conformational free‐energy differences were also computed for the syn and anti states and compared to experimental and theoretical results. Additionally, a coupled OSP with LE/US was carried out, allowing the calculation of conformational and alchemical free energies of GTP and 8‐substituted GTP analogs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

山地输电线动刚度计算及模态分析

为了揭示地形变化对连续档输电线动态特性的影响，本文提出了基于任意高差角的动刚度理论．首先将单档导线视为连续档导线的子结构，构建了两悬挂点不等高的单档导线振动方程，并在该理论方程中引入了二次项，能够考虑重力沿弦向分量的影响，推导出绝缘子串绕其悬挂点转动的动刚度计算方法，通过动刚度理论研究连续档导线横向振动模态和频率，并应用有限元软件ABAQUS 验证理论模态和频率公式的准确性．所得结果表明，动刚度的计算方法具有较高的精度，理论模态与有限元输出结果吻合较好，同时获得的频率和模态可为山地高压输电线路防舞技术的研究提供依据．     

基于DEM的山地可照时间的空间分布

以山区高空间分辨率的DEM数据为主要数据源，在提取纬度、坡度、坡向等相应的地形要素栅格数据的基础上，利用GIS技术对山区可照时间的空间分布进行了模拟，实现了山区可照时间空间分布规律的可视化表达，分析了山区可照时间的空间分布特征，对于山区的农业、林业和生态环境等方面的研究具有重要意义．     

两轴周视光电跟踪天际线焦平面像的解析表达

鉴于动基座周视光电跟踪系统的基座俯仰和横滚角会造成天际线在红外焦平面阵列上所成的像不再与反射镜面俯仰轴在焦平面阵列上的投影平行,建立了动基座两轴周视光电跟踪系统的五自由度数学模型。重构了包含目标信息的天际平面在大地坐标系下的方程,推导得出了天际线在焦平面阵列上成像的解析表达式,并将其与反射镜面俯仰轴在焦平面阵列上的投影表达式进行了对比。天际线焦平面阵列成像的解析表达式可为目标可测、天际线不可测情况下,沿像的方向向量及其正交方向进行方位、俯仰补偿及目标方位解算提供理论前提。     

Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ(20 s-30 s) in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer(TWMBT) defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.     

顾及高程差异的网络差分对流层误差内插模型

在GPS网络差分定位技术中,用户站与参考站间的高程差异会引起对流层误差改正数中存在系统性偏差,造成对流层改正精度降低,影响用户定位的效果。在常规两维线性组合模型的基础上,考虑高程因素影响,利用三维位置信息对内插模型参数进行约束,将对流程延迟改正数分为距离相关和高程相关两部分,通过卡尔曼滤波器分别估计,提出了一种能修正高程偏差的对流层三维线性组合模型。以重庆连续运行参考站系统中5个站作为研究对象,实验验证结果表明,在地形起伏较大的地区,三维线性组合模型可将对流层改正精度从20～40 cm提高到5～6 cm,相对于常规方法提高了4～6倍,消除了网络差分定位中高程差引起的对流层改正系统偏差。     

Research on the Longitudinal Section of River Restoration Using Probabilistic Theory

Since the 1960s, many rivers have been destroyed as a consequence of the process of rapid urbanization. As accurate figures are important to repair rivers, there have been many research reports on methods to obtain the exact river slope and elevation. Until now, many research efforts have analyzed the river using measured river topographic factors, but when the flow velocity changes rapidly, such as during a flood, surveying is not easy; and due to cost, frequent measurements are difficult. Previous research has focused on the cross section of the river, so the information on the river longitudinal profile is insufficient. In this research, using informational entropy theory, equations are presented that can calculate the average river slope, river slope, and river longitudinal elevation for a river basin in real time. The applicability was analyzed through a comparison with the measured data of river characteristic factors obtained from the river plan. The parameters were calculated using informational entropy theory and nonlinear regression analysis using actual data, and then the longitudinal elevation entropy equation for each river and the average river slope were calculated. As a result of analyzing the applicability of the equations presented in this study by R² and Root Mean Square Error, all R² values were over 0.80, while RMSE values were analyzed to be between 0.54 and 2.79. Valid results can be obtained by calculating river characteristic factors.     

代数三角二阶混合式的拟Béier曲线

在空间Ωn-span{cos t,sint,tCOSt,tsin t, 1,t,t^2,…,t^n-4。}（n≥4）中构造拟Bernstein基,并用其来构造Q。中的曲线,称为拟B6zier曲线,该类曲线具有很多与B6zier曲线类似的性质,利用这些性质可以对曲线进行升阶,升阶得到的控制多边形序列收敛到曲线．拟B6zier曲线这类曲线可以精确表示圆锥螺线,圆的渐开线等超越曲线．     

小湾水电站坝址区低高程岸坡表生改造特征及机制研究

摘要：小湾水电站坝基、水垫塘边坡及低高程排水洞系统广泛地揭示了低高程岸坡的地质特征。基于现场调查和二维弹塑性有限元分析,深化认识了低高程岸坡表生改造特征：（1）它是在建造和构造改造的基础上进行的：原构造缓倾角节理扩展、错动;陡倾角节理扩展、产状改变以及错动;新生了大量中缓倾角裂隙;表生改造程度向坡内减弱。（2）建立了低高程岸坡表生改造缓裂生成机制模型,分析了其生成过程。（3）在二维弹塑性有限元分析中,基于拉破坏区分布、剪应变和点安全度等指标,分析了低高程岸坡卸荷松弛范围,其中谷底表生改造明显影响深度为6~9m。