Efficient catalysis in dynamic nanomicelles of PS-750-M suspended in water

This review demonstrates the multiple roles of surfactants in aqueous micellar catalysis. It covers the design and recent applications of proline-based amphiphile PS-750-M, including completely organic solvent-free amide couplings, C–H fluorination of arenes and heteroarenes achieved via radical pathway facilitated by the shielding effect of micelles. In addition, it critically sheds light on selective hydrogenolysis and cross-couplings of water-sensitive acid chlorides in water, catalyzed by phosphine ligand-free Pd (0) nanoparticles. The metal-micelle interaction responsible for catalytic activities as probed by various spectroscopic techniques is also discussed.     

Collective Tunnelling of Strongly Interacting Cold Atoms in a Double-Well Potential

It is known that under resonance conditions, a group of strongly interacting bosonic atoms, trapped in a double-well potential, mimics a single particle, performing Rabi oscillations between the wells. By implication, all atoms need to tunnel at roughly the same time, even though the Bose–Hubbard Hamiltonian accounts only for one-atom-at-a-time transfers. The mechanism of this collective behavior is analyzed, the Rabi frequencies in the process are evaluated, and the limitation of this simple picture is discussed. In particular, it is shown that the small rapid oscillations superimposed on the slow Rabi cycle result from splitting the transferred cluster at the sudden onset of tunnelling, and disappear if tunnelling is turned on gradually.     

13C NMR investigations of molecular order of rod-like,bent-core,and thiophene mesogens

In this review, methods to obtain the orientational order of topologically variant molecular mesogens using by one- and two-dimensional (2D) solid-state ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are described. Besides ¹³C chemical shifts, the ¹³C─¹H dipolar couplings measured from 2D-separated local field (SLF) technique are used for computing the order parameters of a variety of mesogens. The investigated molecules are composed of a variable number of rings in the core, that is, core ranging from simply one ring to five rings. Among the mesogens investigated, a special focus has been placed on mesogens with thiophene rings, which are gaining popularity as liquid crystalline organic semiconductors. The replacement of a phenyl ring by thiophene in the core has a dramatic influence on molecular topology, as observed from the measured order parameters. The review highlights the advantages of the 2D SLF method for understanding the local dynamics and for mapping the topology of mesogens through the measured order parameters. SLF NMR studies of as many as 24 molecular mesogens that vary in terms of the molecular structure as well as topology are covered in the review. Order parameters of the rings have been estimated from the ¹³C─¹H dipolar couplings in the nematic, smectic A, smectic C, and tilted hexatic phases as well as in B₁ and B₂ mesophases of various mesogens. It is anticipated that, in the years to come, the 2D SLF method would provide advanced molecular information on structurally complex mesogens that are emerging in liquid crystal science through the incessant efforts of synthetic chemists. The mini review covers the orientational order of topologically variant molecular mesogens determined by 1D and 2D solid-state ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Accordingly, rod-like, bent-core, and thiophene mesogens were subjected to 2D SLF measurements to get the order parameters from which the topology was established. The replacement of phenyl ring by thiophene and its influence on order parameters as well as on molecular topology is also discussed.     

Experimental investigation of time-dependent cavitation in an oscillatory squeeze film

The occurrence of time-dependent cavitation and tensile stress in an oscillatory oil squeeze film were investigated experimentally. The test apparatus was a simple thrust bearing consisting of two parallel circular plates separated by a thin viscous oil film. During the test, one plate was at rest while the other (transparent) oscillated in a direction normal to its surface. This test configuration was chosen to avoid the rotational motion and complicated geometry of a squeeze film journal bearing. The frequency of oscillation was in the range of 5 to 50 Hz and was controlled by an electro-magnetic exciter. The process of cavity formation and its subsequent development was recorded by a high-speed video camera. Concomitant pressure in the oil film was measured both within and without the cavitation region. It was found that both tensile stress and cavities existed in a squeeze film under certain working conditions.     

Sensitivity-enhanced IPAP experiments for measuring one-bond C–C and C–H residual dipolar couplings in proteins

Sensitivity-enhanced 2D IPAP experiments using the accordion principle for measuring one-bond 13C'-13Calpha and 1Halpha-13Calpha dipolar couplings in proteins are presented. The resolution of the resulting spectra is identical to that of the decoupled HSQC spectra and the sensitivity of the corresponding 1D acquisitions are only slightly lower than those obtained with 3D HNCO and 3D HN(COCA)HA pulse sequences due to an additional delay 2Delta. For cases of limited resolution in the 2D 15N-1HN HSQC spectrum the current pulse sequences can easily be modified into 3D versions by introducing a poorly digitized third dimension, if so desired. The experiments described here are a valuable addition to the suites available for determination of residual dipolar couplings in biological systems.     

Radical Couplings as Key Steps for the Preparation of Derivatives of Nonactic Acid

Summary. Free radical couplings from furan, as cheap starting material, were studied in view of developing a rapid strategy en route to the synthesis of derivatives of nonactin. The chain containing the alcohol function was introduced in one or two steps in 86% yield. For the introduction of the second chain with the ester function two different coupling methods were tested. Starting from the advanced intermediates obtained nonactin derivatives can be prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of the furan ring.     

200MW非再热双抽供热机组变工况计算及工况图的绘制

工况图在热电厂的设计和运行中具有广泛的用途。本文根据引进型双抽非再热200MW供热机组的技术特点，通过编程在纯凝汽工况、单抽工业抽汽工况、单抽采暖抽汽工况和双抽供热等典型变工况计算的基础上，完成了当新蒸汽负荷、工业抽汽负荷和采暖抽汽负荷发生改变时的变工况计算，并绘制了该机组的运行工况图．     

Stabilization of valence fluctuations in the cerium solid by the time-dependent collision approach

The collision-generated hybridization which has been found responsible for the on-site mixing of the atomic-likef-state and the band-liked states in mixed valence solids has been studied for the cerium solid. A practical expression which depends on the lattice constant and temperature has been obtained for the collision-generated hybridization. Numerical calculations show that the valence varies continuously with lattice constant and that temperature makes the transition smoother. The collision-generated hybridization is found to be of significant strength in the intermediate valence regime; but over a wide range of the valence near 3.5 it varies rather slowly without preferring a particular valence. Factors which can assist the collision-generated hybridization in stabilizing the mixed valence phase at a particular lattice constant are discussed.     

An Alternative Approach to Obtain the Exact Wave Functions of Time-Dependent Hamiltonian Systems Involving Quadratic, Inverse Quadratic, and (1/x)p+p(1/x) Terms

By using the Lewis-Riesenfeld theory and algebraic method, we present an alternative approach to obtain the exact solution of time-dependent Hamiltonian systems involving quadratic, inverse quadratic and (1/x)p+p(1/x) terms. This solution is discussed and compared with that obtained by Choi, J. R. (2003). International Journal of Theoretical Physics 42, 853]. PACS: 03.65Ge; 03.65Fd; 03.65Bz     

Software Cold Test Simulation of Coupled Cavity Slow-Wave Structure in Millimeter Wave TWT

In this paper, the software cold-test simulation method to obtain RF dispersion, interaction impedance by MAFIA software is discussed considering effect of the conducting barrel in the millimeter-wave TWT. The dispersion simulation result is obtained more consistent with experiment data than the method that ignoring effect of the conducting barrel. By changing the structure parameter, high frequency characteristic will be affected. The change relationship of high frequency characteristic with structure parameter is obtained. The different calculation methods of the interaction impedance are discussed. These results are received and are consistent with experiment data.