The non-isothermal devitrification of lithium germanate glasses

The non-isothermal devitrification of lithium germanate glasses, examined by DTA and XRD, is reported and discussed. The glass compositions are expressed by the general formula:xLi₂O(1?x)GeO₂ withx=0.050, 0.125, 0.167, 0.200 and 0.250. All the glasses studied, unlike GeO₂ glass, exhibit internal crystal nucleation without the addition of any nucleating agent. The devitrification processes occur in one or more steps. Phases which crystallized at each step are identified and crystallization mechanisms proposed. These crystallization mechanisms are related to structures of the crystallizing phases. Activation energy values as well as those for glass transition temperatures, do not vary linearly with increase in Li₂O content but pass through a maximum atx=0.200.     

Investigation of the thermal degradation of the aged pyrotechnic titanium hydride/potassium perchlorate

In previous works, the effects on the devitrification mechanism of a certain composition calcium phosphate with additives of TiO₂, SiO₂, Al₂O₃, CeO₂ have been studied. It was found that some metal oxide additives played a key role as the nucleation agent in calcium phosphate glass-ceramics, and the devitrification mechanism of calcium phosphate glass system was changed drastically by addition such as metal oxide. Hydroxyapatite (HAp), tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and β-calcium phosphate (β-CaP₂O₆) whisker are the three most biologically compatible materials to human bone in bio-ceramics field. In this work, the effect on devitrification mechanism and the physical properties of certain composition calcium phosphate glass with three above additives were investigated, and the result shown that although no fine crystalline was induced in the certain composition of calcium phosphate glass when a large amount of additive was added, but such additives play a catalyst role by lowering the activation energies of devitrification. It would supplement the mechanical properties and the biocompatibility for the calcium phosphate glasses.     

Thermal characteristics of aged granulated blast furnace slags

A series of aged granulated blast furnace slags were investigated by DTA. Devitrification characteristics were found to change as a function of age, and regular trends could be established. XRD showed the devitrification process to result predominantly in melilite formation and minor amounts of merwinite, depending on slag age.Hydration of fresh slags resulted in the gradual formation of hydrated species and calcite. DTA indicated that the devitrification profile also changed with the extent of hydration.Dedicated to Dr. Robert Mackenzie on the occasion of his 75th birthdayThe author acknowledges the assistance of Ms S. Bell and M. Venour (BHP) in this study.     

纳米微粒对低温保护剂溶液玻璃化性质的影响

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了加入羟基磷灰石(HA)纳米微粒对低温保护剂溶液玻璃化的影响,实验得到了不同粒径和不同质量浓度的HA纳米微粒加入PVP溶液的玻璃化转变温度与反玻璃化温度.实验结果表明加入纳米微粒能显著的影响低温保护剂溶液的玻璃化性质.且随着纳米微粒质量分数的增加,溶液的玻璃化转变温度与反玻璃化温度均显著...     

HA纳米微粒对PEG-600低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响

为了研究羟基磷灰石HA纳米微粒对低温保护剂反玻璃化结晶的影响,本文利用DSC和低温显微镜研究了含有不同粒径(20nm、40nm、60nm)和不同质量浓度(0.1%、0.2%、0.4%、0.8%)HA纳米微粒的PEG-600(50%,w/w)溶液反玻璃化过程中的结晶现象.试验结果表明:与未添加纳米微粒的PEG-600溶液相比,加入40nm、0.4%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的反玻璃化温度升高了7℃;加入20nm、0.4%和40nm、0.8%纳米微粒的HA-PEG600溶液的冰晶生长速率分别降低了35%和提高了50%;纳米低温保护剂溶液的冰晶形貌从大圆形变成了小圆形、枝晶或小圆形中夹带枝晶.     

Devitrification kinetics of PbGeO3

The devitrification of glassy PbGeO₃ was studied and interpreted by means of isothermal and non-isothermal Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equations. In the case of the non-isothermal approach, several approximated equations proposed by various authors were considered in order to obtain both the activation energy E _a and the Avrami morphological coefficient n of the crystallisation process. A critical discussion of the Avrami coefficient on the basis of experimental morphological evidence is also presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Devitrification Behavior of Calcium Phosphate Glasses Containing Al2O3 and SiO2 Additives

The effects of Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ additives on the crystallization of calcium phosphate glasses were studied. When the Al₂O₃ content was higher than 7 mol%, surface devitrification occurred in the glasses. However, for glasses with Al₂O₃ contents higher than 10 mol%, bulk devitrification predominanted. For the glasses with SiO₂, a surface devitrification mechanism predominanted. Non-isothermal DTA techniques were applied in order to establish the devitrification mechanism, and the kinetic parameters of crystal growth were obtained. The parameter m depends on the mechanism and morphology of devitrification of calcium phosphate, glass containing SiO₂ as additive, the values of m being lower than 1.2. These results indicate that the devitrification is controlled by the reaction at the glass-crystal interface, or occurs from surface nuclei. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Devitrification behaviour of CaO−MgO(Y2O3)−SiO2 glasses

In this paper a thermoanalytical study of the kinetic parameters and mechanism of the devitrification process of CaO·SiO₂, 1.6CaO·0.4MgO·2SiO₂ and 1.4CaO·(0.6/3)Y₂O₃·2SiO₂ is reported. The experimental results suggest that, in the studied glasses, a surface nucleation process is operative; however, in finely powdered samples, that soften and efficiently sinter before devitrifying, surface nuclei behave as bulk nuclei. In this case lamellar crystalline structures are obtained.     

The Non-Isothermal Devitrification of Glasses in the SrO·4GeO2−BaO·4GeO2 Composition Range

The effect of replacing SrO by BaO on the glass transition temperature and on devitrification behaviour in a series of glasses in the strontium tetragermanate — barium tetragermanate composition range has been studied by differential thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectra. All glasses studied exhibit internal crystal nucleation. The progressive replacing of SrO by BaO causes the decrease of the glass transition temperature. Solid solutions between SrGe₄O₉ and BaGe₄O₉ were found to crystallize in glass containing both SrO and BaO. The effect of the specific surface of the glass samples on devitrification processes has been also pointed out.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A Study on the Thermal Behaviour of Solder Glass

Vitreous solder glasses, such as Mansol #40 and FEG-2002, are commercialized solder glasses, which are compression sealing glasses that can be used to solder materials with expansions between 55-68⊙10^-7°C^-1, such as Al₂O₃. In order to understand and tailor the thermal behaviour of solder glasses, cylindrical-like glasses were first carefully ground with a stainless steel mortar and pestle. Initially, no exothermic or endothermic data were obtained from the DTA/DSC curves except those relating to melting. However, exothermic peaks appeared after the glass samples were re-melted. In this work, kinetic parameters such as the activation energy, and the morphology of the devitrification mechanisms for two kinds of solder glasses were also investigated, using non-isothermal DTA techniques. The activation energies ranged from 220 to 235 kJ mol^-1 and the devitrification mechanism parameters were close to 1. This indicates that the devitrification mechanisms of the two kinds of solder glasses involve surface nuclei. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.