Simple and efficient approach for synthesis of hydrazones from carbonyl compounds and hydrazides catalyzed by meglumine

A simple, environmentally benign protocol for synthesis of hydrazones from carbonyl compounds and hydrazides has been developed in the presence of meglumine in aqueous-ethanol media at room temperature. The salient features of the present protocol are mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, high yields, operational simplicity, metal-free, applicability toward large-scale synthesis, and biodegradable and inexpensive catalyst.     

顶空气相色谱法测定氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中有机溶剂残留量

建立了氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中乙酸乙酯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙醇和乙腈有机溶剂残留量的顶空气相色谱分析方法。以HP-FFAP色谱柱(30 m×0.32 mm×1.0 μm)为分离柱,火焰离子化检测器检测,外标法定量,并考察了顶空平衡温度、平衡时间等对残留有机溶剂测定的影响。实验结果表明,在顶空平衡温度为90 ℃、平衡时间为30 min条件下获得较好的定量结果。乙酸乙酯、甲醇、异丙醇、乙醇和乙腈的线性范围分别为0.40～7.93 mg/L (r=0.9998)、7.32～146.48 mg/L (r=0.9996)、4.53～90.61 mg/L (r=0.9999)、3.62～72.32 mg/L (r=0.9998)和2.31～46.24 mg/L (r=0.9996);平均回收率范围为95.96%～100.31%,精密度(以相对标准偏差计,n=6)为1.97%～3.28%;检出限分别为0.08、0.9、0.2、0.4和0.3 mg/L。利用该方法对实际样品氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中有机溶剂残留量进行了检测。结果表明,该样品中含有异丙醇和乙醇,其含量分别为177.44 μg/g与69.32 μg/g。本方法快速、灵敏、准确,适用于氟尼辛葡甲胺原料药中残留溶剂的检测。     

表面增强拉曼光谱法快速检测猪肉中氟尼辛葡甲胺残留

氟尼辛葡甲胺（FM）是动物专用的非甾体类消炎药,是兽医临床上最常用的消炎镇痛类药物。近年来,随着其应用范围的扩大,其不良反应逐渐显现,其在兽肉中的残留引起了人们的重视。目前猪肉中FM残留的主要检测方法为色谱法、色谱质谱联用法。设备昂贵、笨重、操作复杂等缺点极大的限制了这类方法在现场快速检测中的应用,表面增强拉曼（SERS）具有指纹识别、迅速检测、便携等优势,能克服色谱技术在现场检测中带来的不便,因而近年来被广泛应用于兽药残留的快速筛查检测。因此,为实现猪肉中FM的现场快速检测,建立了猪肉中FM的SERS检测方法。用柠檬酸钠还原氯金酸钾的方法制备金溶胶,通过单因素实验确定在样品与金胶体积比为1∶3,样品pH为6,不添加促凝剂,为检测条件。用密度泛函理论计算理论光谱,结合固体拉曼光谱,对各峰进行振动模式归属。其中731 cm-1处为吡啶环、苯环摇摆,1 085和1 376 cm-1处均为苯环上C—H振动。之后通过优化萃取前处理方法与萃取剂的选取,建立了猪肉中FM的定性定量检测方法。在该方法中,FM在猪肉基质中的特征峰为731,1 085和1 376 cm-1。选取731 cm-1作为定性定量峰,该处拉曼强度与FM浓度在1～250 mg·L-1内有良好的线性关系,R2为0.99。对加标样品的实际浓度进行检测,其检测限为1 mg·L-1,回收率在89.61%～95.63%,RSD在1.80%～3.30%内。该法稳定、快速、简单,可实现FM在猪肉中的现场快速筛查检测。     

德拉沙星葡甲胺波谱学数据解析

本文采用元素分析、紫外吸收光谱、红外吸收光谱、质谱和核磁共振（NMR）波谱（包含¹H NMR、¹³C NMR、DEPT、¹H-¹H COSY、¹H-¹³C HSQC和¹H-¹³C HMBC）等方法对德拉沙星葡甲胺进行了结构分析,确证了德拉沙星葡甲胺的结构,分析了其IR谱图特征吸收峰对应的基团,对其¹H和¹³C NMR信号进行了完整归属.并通过差示扫描量热法、热重分析及粉末X-射线衍射分析对德拉沙星葡甲胺的晶型进行了初步研究.     

A novel liquid chromatography-fluorescence method for the determination of delafloxacin in human plasma

Delafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic that was approved by the European Medicine Agency to treat bacterial infections of the skin and underlying tissues, and community-acquired pneumonia. Despite being in the market since 2019 in the European Union, there is no published liquid chromatography-fluorescence method for delafloxacin quantification in biological samples. A novel, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to determine delafloxacin in human plasma using its native fluorescence. Plasma delafloxacin concentrations were determined by reverse-phase chromatography with fluorescence detection at 405/450 nm of excitation/emission wavelengths. Delafloxacin was separated on a Kromasil C18 column 250 × 4.6 mm id, 5 µm using isocratic elution. The mobile phase was a mixture of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid/acetonitrile (52/48). Retention times were 5.4 and 11.6 min for delafloxacin and valsartan (internal standard), respectively. Regression calibration curves were linear over the range of 0.1–2.5 µg/mL. The lower limit of detection was 0.05 µg/mL, and the lower limit of quantification was 0.1 µg/mL. Accuracy and precision were always <11%, and the limit of quantification was <16%. Mean recovery was 98.3%. This method can be applied to determine delafloxacin in human plasma and could be useful to perform pharmacokinetic studies.     

Meglumine sulfate-catalyzed one-pot green synthesis and antioxidant activity of α-aminophosphonates

A green and efficient synthetic protocol has been developed for the synthesis of a new series of substituted diethyl(((2-methoxy-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)amino)(phenyl)methyl)phosphonates via a one-pot three-component reaction of 2-methoxy-5-trifluoromethyl aniline with various aromatic-substituted aldehydes and diethyl phosphite using meglumine sulfate as an eco-friendly catalyst at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The merits of this method are high product yield, short reaction time, easy workup, and purification. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for the antioxidant activity by DPPH, NO, and H₂O₂ methods using ascorbic acid as a standard. The compounds 4a and 4g showed the highest antioxidant activity than that of the standard ascorbic acid.     

Meglumine sulfate catalyzed solvent-free one-pot synthesis of coumarins under microwave and thermal conditions

A convenient method has been developed for the Pechmann reaction of phenols and β-keto esters catalyzed by meglumine sulfate. Solvent-free conditions, inexpensive catalyst, short reaction times, high yield, and ease of purification of the products are the advantages of this protocol. This novel catalytic system is expected to contribute to the development of more benign Pechmann condensation reactions of phenols with β-keto esters.     

Pentavalent organoantimonial derivatives: two simple and efficient synthetic methods for meglumine antimonate

Two simple and efficient procedures for the preparation of pentavalent antimony derivatives are described, using either antimony pentachloride (SbCl₅) or potassium hexahydroxoantimonate (KSb(OH)₆) as sources of antimony(V). These two new methods are evaluated for the synthesis of an important anti‐leishmanial drug: meglumine antimonate. Using elemental (carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen) and thermal analysis, atomic absorption (antimony), proton NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution positive‐ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI(+)‐MS), products for the reaction with N‐methyl‐D ‐glucamine (NMG) using both the SbCl₅ and KSb(OH)₆ methods were characterized and found to be similar to a commercial sample of the drug. The only notable difference was observed for the ESI‐MS spectrum of the KSb(OH)₆ product; it displays the same pattern of ESI‐generated ions as those of both the SbCl₅ product and the commercial drug, but with significantly different abundance ratios. NMR data indicate that the NMG molecules coordinate antimony in two different fashions, which suggests either the coexistence of two different complexes or the existence of a single major complex in which two NMG molecules are coordinated with antimony in an asymmetrical geometry. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.