Geometric separation and exact solutions for the parameterized independent set problem on disk graphs

We consider the parameterized problem, whether for a given set  of n disks (of bounded radius ratio) in the Euclidean plane there exists a set of k non-intersecting disks. For this problem, we expose an algorithm running in time that is—to our knowledge—the first algorithm with running time bounded by an exponential with a sublinear exponent. For λ-precision disk graphs of bounded radius ratio, we show that the problem is fixed parameter tractable with a running time  . The results are based on problem kernelization and a new “geometric ( -separator) theorem” which holds for all disk graphs of bounded radius ratio. The presented algorithm then performs, in a first step, a “geometric problem kernelization” and, in a second step, uses divide-and-conquer based on our new “geometric separator theorem.”     

A Dynamic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Explosive Development of an Extratropical Cyclone Over Land

The present paper has made a dynamic and diagnostic study of the process of explosive deepening of an extratropical cyclone over North China on April 25-26, 1983, in order to gain an insight into the physical mechanism of explosive development of cyclone over land. It turns out that this cyclone occurred in the strong baroclinic zone, and the vorticity and thermal advection triggered the initial development of the cyclone. Subsequently, as the rainfall increased, the effect of condensational heating became more and more important. During the time period of rapid intensification (from 1200GMT 25 to 0000GMT 26 April, 1983, the central surface pressure fell down from 998. 2 to 988. 3 hPa), the peak of diabatic heating profile continuously descended, leading to a rapid increase in heating amount in the lower troposphere. This condition is favorable to the explosive development of rotational circulation or vortex. The numerical simulations have further demonstrated the importance of the lowering of heating p     

氧化钪中Ti,Mo,W,V,Zr等难熔杂质光谱分析

本用提高样品蒸发速率的方法提高氧化钪中难熔杂质光谱分析灵敏度。采用一种特殊的阴极设计，配合使用Ｎ２＋Ａｒ气氛控制，在旋流气室中放电激发，取样仅５ｍｇ的条件下，光谱测定氧化钪中难烷质Ｔｉ，Ｚｒ，Ｍｏ，Ｗ，Ｖ灵敏度可达（１－３）×１０＾－４％。测定的相对标准偏差为９％－２７％。     

Parameters Tied to Treewidth

Treewidth is a graph parameter of fundamental importance to algorithmic and structural graph theory. This article surveys several graph parameters tied to treewidth, including separation number, tangle number, well‐linked number, and Cartesian tree product number. We review many results in the literature showing these parameters are tied to treewidth. In a number of cases we also improve known bounds, provide simpler proofs, and show that the inequalities presented are tight.     

An axial flow cyclone to remove nanoparticles at low pressure conditions

In this study, the axial flow cyclone used in Tsai et al. (2004) was further tested for the collection efficiency of both solid (NaCl) and liquid (OA, oleic acid) nanoparticles. The results showed that the smallest cutoff aerodynamic diameters achieved for OA and NaCl nanoparticles were 21.7 nm (cyclone inlet pressure: 4.3 Torr, flow rate: 0.351 slpm) and 21.2 nm (5.4 Torr, 0.454 slpm), respectively. The collection efficiencies for NaCl and OA particles were close to each other for the aerodynamic diameter ranging from 25 to 180 nm indicating there was almost no solid particle bounce in the cyclone. The 3-D numerical simulation was conducted to calculate the flow field in the cyclone and the flow was found to be nearly paraboloid. Numerical simulation of the particle collection efficiency based on the paraboloid flow assumption showed that the collection efficiency was in good agreement with the experimental data with less than 15% of error. A semi-empirical equation for predicting the cutoff aerodynamic diameter at different inlet pressures and flow rates was also obtained. The semi-empirical equation is able to predict the cutoff aerodynamic diameter accurately within 9% of error. From the empirical cutoff aerodynamic diameter, a semi-empirical square root of the cutoff Stokes number, , was calculated and found to be a constant value of 0.241. This value is useful to the design of the cyclone operating in vacuum to remove nanoparticles.     

用雷诺应力模型计算旋风分离器中气-固两相流动

针对分离器内部的复杂的三维强旋转、气-固两相湍流运动,采用雷诺应力模型(SSG),利用贴体网格技术,模拟计算了分离器内部流动,并将计算结果与实验数据进行分析、比较。分离器内的固体颗粒运动采用涉及湍流扩散影响的随机轨道模型和确定轨道模型,在流场计算的基础上,模拟了不同直径的颗粒在分离器内的运动规律及颗粒分离效率,并同理论和实验得到的数据进行了比较。     

LIST developments at IGISOL

The ion guide technique was developed in Jyv?skyl? during the early 1980's. In the ion guide the reaction recoil products are stopped and thermalized in high purity helium gas where they remain ionic due to high ionization potential of helium atoms. Different designs of ion guide exist for light-ion induced fusion reactions, for heavy-ion induced fusion and for proton induced fission. Although the IGISOL method is fast and universal it is chemically unselective and in many cases relatively inefficient. In order to address these deficiencies in the technique, a new laser ion source project, FURIOS (Fast Universal Resonant laser Ion Source), commenced in 2004. In addition, resonance ionization spectroscopy has been tested off – line within a sextupole ion beam guide.     

旋风分离器压力损失及减阻杆的研究

本文介绍通过安装旋风分离器减阻杆前后压力损失及分离效率的测定，了解减阻杆对分离器性能的影响．根据流场测定结果，分析了减阻杆的减阻机理及减阻杆减阻时可保证分离效率的原因．     

STUDY OF AXIAL VELOCITY IN GAS CYCLONES BY 2D-PIV, 3D-PIY, AND SIMULATION

The axial velocity distribution in a gas cyclone has been examined with two-dimensional particle image velocimetry (2D-PIV) and three-dimensional particle image velocimetry (3D-PIV) experiments in this study. Due to the limitation of 2D-PIV configuration, the contamination generated by the strong tangential velocity in the cyclone can be registered in the axial velocity detected by 2D-PIV. Efficient methods are proposed in this work to remove this contamination. The contamination-removed 2D-PIV data agree well with 3D-PIV results. The distributions of the axial velocity are also computed by the Reynolds stress model (RSM) and verified using the PIV experimental results. Reasonable agreements are obtained.     

Confined and Agitated Swirling Flows with Applications in Chemical Engineering

Turbulent, swirling flows are encountered frequently in chemical engineering practice. In this article, experiments and simulations on two classes of swirling flows, viz. agitated flows (stirred tanks), and confined swirling flows are discussed. Results of large-eddy simulations of stirred tank flow are compared with experimental data, mainly phase-resolved LDA data of the flow in the vicinity of the impeller. Next to the average velocity field, also the turbulent kinetic energy, and the anisotropy of the Reynolds stress tensor have been assessed. An important application of confined swirling flow is the cyclone separator (hydrocyclones for the separation of liquids, gas cyclones for gas-solid separation). The flow in a swirl tube geometry exhibiting many of the typical features of swirl flows (e.g. vortex breakdown) is discussed. Furthermore, a large-eddy simulation of the gas flow in a high-efficiency Stairmand cyclone separator is presented. Two examples of process modeling based on flow simulations are briefly treated: orthokinetic agglomeration of crystals in a stirred tank, and particle separation in a cyclone. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.