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1.
束晕-混沌的复杂性理论与控制方法及其应用前景 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
本文系统论述涉及强流加速器等强流离子束装置中产生的束晕-混沌的复杂性理论与控制方法及其应用前景。强流离子束在核材料生产与增殖、洁净核能、放射性废物嬗变、放射性药物生产、重离子聚变、高能物理、核科学与工程、国防与民用工业和医疗等许多方面都有极其重要的应用潜力和诱人的发展前景。尤其是,近年来强流加速器驱动的放射性洁净核能系统是国内外关注的热门课题,因为它比常规核电更安全、更干净、更便宜。但是,强流离子束形成的束晕-混沌的复杂性现象已引起了国内外广泛关注,需要加以抑制、控制和消除这类现象,解决这一难题已经成为强流离子束应用中的关键问题之一。目前不仅必须深入研究这类束晕-混沌的复杂特性及其产生的物理机制,而且需要研究如何实现对束晕-混沌的有效控制,并寻求和发展其新理论、新方法和新技术。这就向强流离子束物理和非线性-复杂性科学及其技术提出了一系列极富挑战性的新课题。本文结合国内外的研究概况,根据我们多年来的研究成果,特别是我们首创性地提出了一些束晕-混沌的有效控制方法,它们包括:非线性反馈控制法,小波反馈控制法,变结构控制法,延迟反馈控制法,参数自适应控制法等,进行重点的介绍。对上述课题当前的主要进展及相关问题进行系统的总结和比较全面综述的评论。最后,指出该领域今后的研究方向,以推动这个崭新领域的深入研究和应用发展。 相似文献
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对一种工业用大功率电子加速器(450kW)的加速管中的空间电荷效应作了5点假设,建立了物理模型。对模型的束内外径向电位分布、空间电荷对轴上电位的影响,以及空间电荷力对束流传输的影响等进行了理论分析,得到了束内径向电位分布。结果表明:束流内部径向电位沿径向均呈抛物线变化,并在轴上达到最小值;而空间电荷产生的束内电场与半径呈线性变化;空间电荷不仅会引起轴上电位的跌落,而且对束流有发散作用,特别是在电子速度较低时更为明显。在考虑了空间电荷效应后,强流静电加速管的电场设计关键在加速管的前端,与弱流加速管相比,强流加速管的电场变化要大得多。 相似文献
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I. A. Anoshko V. S. Ermachenko L. E. Sandrigailo 《Journal of Applied Spectroscopy》2007,74(1):102-106
We present the results of a spectroscopic study of a nonequilibrium plasma in a Hall accelerator, in particular for such an
important parameter as the electron temperature. For the studied conditions, we used the semicoronal equilibrium model, which
relates the intensity ratios for two successive ionization steps for the same element.
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Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 93–96, January–February, 2007. 相似文献
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Govindarajan Sankar A. Sultan Nasar 《Journal of polymer science. Part A, Polymer chemistry》2007,45(8):1557-1570
A series of substituted N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates based on 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and poly(tetrahydrofuran) were prepared and characterized thoroughly with FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy methods. Compared with unsubstituted N‐methylaniline, a blocking agent with an electron‐releasing substituent at the para position took a shorter time, whereas those with an electron‐releasing substituent at the ortho position or an electron‐withdrawing substituent at the ortho and para positions took longer times for the blocking reaction. The thermal dissociation reactions of blocked polyisocyanates were carried out with an FTIR spectrophotometer attached to hot‐stage accessories under dynamic and isothermal conditions. The dynamic method was used to determine the deblocking temperature, and the isothermal method was used to calculate the deblocking kinetics and activation parameters. The cure times of blocked polyisocyanates with hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene were also determined. The deblocking temperatures, the results of cure‐time studies, and the kinetic parameters revealed that the thermal dissociation of the N‐methylaniline‐blocked polyisocyanates was retarded by electron‐donating substituents and facilitated by electron‐withdrawing substituents. The action of N‐methylanilines as blocking agents for isocyanate was explained by the formation of a four‐center, intramolecularly hydrogen‐bonded ring structure during the thermal dissociation of the blocked polyisocyanates. The formation of such a hydrogen‐bonded ring structure was confirmed and supported by variable‐temperature 1H NMR studies and entropy parameters, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1557–1570, 2007 相似文献
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We consider a composite material composed of fibres included in a resin which becomes solid when it is heated up (reaction of reticulation). The mathematical modelling of the cure process is given by a kinetic equation describing the evolution of the reaction of reticulation coupled with the heat equation. In this paper, we are interested in the computation of approximate solutions. We propose a family of discretized problems depending on two parameters (β1, β2) ε [0, 1]2 which split the linear and non‐ linear terms in implicit and explicit parts. We prove the stability and convergence of the discretization for any (β1, β2) ε [½, 1 ] × [0, 1]. We present also some numerical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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F. Román S. Montserrat J. M. Hutchinson 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2007,87(1):113-118
The procedure for
the fabrication of epoxy-based polymer layered silicate nanocomposites is
important in respect of the nanostructure that is developed. To further our
understanding of this, the influence of an organically modified clay (montmorillonite,
MMT) on the curing kinetics of an epoxy resin has been studied by differential
scanning calorimetry. Clay loadings of 10 and 20 mass% are used, and isothermal
as well as dynamic cures have been investigated. For both cure schedules the
effect of the MMT is to advance the reaction. Kinetic analysis yields values
for the activation energy, but shows that the reaction cannot be described
simply by the usual autocatalytic equation. The glass transition of the cured
nanocomposites is lower than that for the cured neat resin, a result that
is attributed to homopolymerisation taking place in addition to the epoxy–amine
reaction. 相似文献