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1.
The viscosities of aqueous solutions of gelatin at different temperatures were carefully measured in a common glass‐capillary Ubbelohde viscometer at dilute to extremely dilute concentrations. The adsorption effect that occurred in the viscosity measurements was theoretically analyzed and discussed. A theory based on Langmuir isotherms could adequately describe the existing data. Some structural information was obtained by the use of an iterative fitting procedure to treat the reduced viscosity data, which disclosed that individual gelatin chains underwent a coil‐to‐helix transition as the solution cooled from 40 to 15 °C. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1804–1812, 2006 相似文献
2.
We employ dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) to examine the self‐assembly behavior of A2‐star‐(B‐alt‐C) molecules. We successfully observe various types of hierarchical structure‐within‐structures, such as A‐formed spheres in the matrix formed by B and C alternating layers, hexagonally packed A‐formed cylinders in the matrix with B and C segregated layers, B and C alternating layers‐within‐lamellae, coaxial B and C alternating domains within hexagonally packed BC‐formed cylinders in the A‐matrix, and co‐centric BC‐alternating domains within BC‐formed spheres in the A‐matrix, by increasing the A composition. Generally speaking, the small length‐scale B and C segregated domains are in parallel to the large length‐scale structures. This hierarchical periodicity along the same axis as well as the various characteristic structures, that the A2‐star‐(B‐alt‐C) copolymers display, are quite different from those in A‐block‐(B‐graft‐C) coil‐comb copolymers. Moreover, it is interesting to find that when the copolymer chain length increases, though the hierarchical structure type is maintained, the number of small length‐scale lamellae that can form within the large length‐scale structure increases. These hierarchical structures under various compositions are reported theoretically for the first time in the copolymer systems consisting of the alternating blocks, and are in good agreement with the most recent experimental work by Matsushita and co‐workers (Macromolecules 2007 , 40, 4023). 相似文献
3.
4.
Kiyokawa T Kanaori K Tajima K Kawaguchi M Mizuno T Oku J Tanaka T 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2004,10(14):3548-3554
The alpha-helical coiled coils have a representative amino acid sequence of (abcdefg)(n) heptad repeats. We previously reported that two peptides named IZ-2A and IZ-2W formed an (IZ-2A)(2)/IZ-2W heterotrimer with an Ala-Ala-Trp interaction in the hydrophobic core. In this paper, we describe the selective formation of AAB- and ABC-type heterotrimers. To increase the selectivity of the AAB-type heterotrimeric formation, Lys residues at the f position were mutated to either an Ala or a Gln residue to form IZ-2A(fA) or IZ-2W(fQ). Separately, both IZ-2A(fA) and IZ-2W(fQ) have a random structure at pH 7 and 20 degrees C. However, together IZ-2A(fA) and IZ-2W(fQ) form a 2:1 complex with a thermal transition midpoint (Tm) of 48 degrees C. This procedure was applied to prepare the ABC-type heterotrimer, in which two sets of Ala-Ala-Trp interactions were designed in the hydrophobic core. Interhelical interaction between the e and g positions and the alpha-helical propensity of the amino acid at the f position were also considered in the design. The resultant three peptides selectively formed the ABC-type heterotrimer with a Tm of 51 degrees C. Other peptide combinations had random coil properties. 相似文献
5.
Chemical modifiers in arsenic determination in biological materials by tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Palladium, iridium, and rhodium are evaluated as possible chemical modifiers in the determination of As in digest solutions of biological materials (human hair and clam) by tungsten coil electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry (TCA-AAS). The modifier in solution was applied onto the coil and thermally pre-reduced; the pre-reduction conditions, the amount of modifier, and the thermal program were optimized. Palladium was not satisfactory, whereas Ir and Rh were effective modifiers and rendered better relative sensitivity for As by a factor of 1.4 and 1.9, respectively compared to the case without modifier. Upon optimization of thermal conditions for As in pre-reduced Ir (2.0 µg) and Rh (2.0 µg) modifiers and in the digest solutions of the study matrices, Rh (2.0 µg) was more effective modifier and was selected as such. The mean within-day repeatability was 2.8% in consecutive measurements (25–100 µg L–1) (3 cycles, each of n=6) and confirmed good short-term stability of the absorbance measurements. The mean reproducibility was 4.4% (n=20 in a 3-day period) and the detection limit (3
blank/slope) was 29 pg (n=15). The useful coil lifetime in Rh modifier was extended to 300–400 firings. Validation was by determination of As in the certified reference material (CRM) of Oyster tissue solution with a percentage relative error (E
rel%) of 2% and percentage relative standard deviation (RSD%) of 3% (n=4), and by analytical recovery of As spiked in CRM of human hair [94±8% (n=4)]. The methodology is simple, fast (sample readout frequency 21 h–1), reliable, of low cost, and was applied to the determination of As in hair samples of exposed and unexposed workers. 相似文献
6.
Radiation formation of polymeric nanogels 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
An alternative method of synthesis of polymeric nanogels is proposed, based not on polymerization, but on intramolecular crosslinking of polymer chains, initiated by pulse irradiation in dilute aqueous solutions. Kinetic data show that for many water-soluble polymers irradiation under these conditions result in intramolecular crosslinking. Preliminary product studies on poly(vinyl alcohol) indicate that in fact internally crosslinked macromolecules can be obtained by this technique. 相似文献
7.
采用粘度法、核孔膜过滤和动态光散射(DLS)法,研究了高分子量低浓度的部分水解聚丙烯酰胺(HPAM)与柠檬酸铝(AlCit)反应所形成的交联体系的剪切稳定性和HPAM剪切降解后与AlCit反应所形成的体系的封堵性能及降解机理.研究结果表明,低浓度的HPAM与AlCit反应所形成的交联聚合物体系随剪切速率增加,其对1.2μm的核孔膜的封堵能力降低.HPAM稀溶液剪切降解后再与AlCit反应,低剪切速率对其封堵性能影响较小,而高剪切速率会使得其封堵性能大大降低.HPAM/AlCit交联体系和HPAM剪切降解后形成的交联体系的封堵性能下降的原因是HPAM/AlCit交联体系中交联聚合物线团(LPC)尺寸和HPAM中高分子线团的尺寸变小. 相似文献
8.
9.
发射速度和能量转换效率是同步感应线圈型电磁发射装置(SICEML)最重要的两项指标。驱动线圈和电枢的结构参数、驱动线圈匝数以及电枢初始触发位置都会对这两项指标产生影响。以上述参数为变量,以发射速度和能量转换效率之积为目标函数,引入遗传算法对单级SICEML参数进行了优化设计,并利用有限元软件进行了仿真验证。结果表明:在储能与发射装置总体体积不变的前提下,优化后的系统效率由5.38%提高到13.6%,出口速度由38 m/s提高到61 m/s,系统性能得到明显改善。利用单级SICEML样机进行了堵驻试验,结果与仿真结果吻合较好,验证了本文提出的遗传算法的可行性。 相似文献
10.
亥姆霍兹线圈在产生数十T的准静态脉冲磁场的装置中得到广泛应用。以自行研制的一套用于磁压剪实验技术的脉冲磁场发生系统的亥姆霍兹线圈为研究对象,结合装置的电参数,利用有限元软件ANSYS对装置放电过程中线圈的热和力进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,当装置在线圈中产生上升时间约1.34 ms、幅值14.37 kA的放电电流和10.7 T的磁场时,线圈中的最大温升约150 ℃,最大应力近0.5 GPa,铜导线中的最大应力约0.2 GPa,线圈导线变形位移小于0.05 mm。基于分析结果,在线圈制作时,选择绝缘层耐温超过200 ℃、抗拉强度0.5 GPa的铜导线作为线圈绕线,选择抗拉强度达5.8 GPa的柴龙纤维绕制在铜导线外层进行加固,并制作了相应结构的亥姆霍兹线圈对。利用该线圈对进行的放电实验测试结果表明,在满足设计指标的情况下,线圈对结实可靠,可重复使用。 相似文献