高坝挑流冲刷坑中掺气水流的流速量测及其特性分析

本文研究了利用热膜技术量测掺气水流的时均流速和紊动结构有关的技术问题，首次成功地量测了三峡溢流坝模型冲坑中掺气水流的时均流速与脉动流速，并对脉动流速和脉动压强的相关关系作了分析研究，把目前冲坑水流特性的研究推进了一步，对研究冲刷过程和探讨消能机理有重要的理论价值与实际意义     

Effect of Ca/Si ratio on the properties of steel slag and deactivated ZSM-5 autoclaved aerated concrete

In this study, the feasibility of the complete replacement of lime by steel slag (SS) as a calcium material with deactivated ZSM-5 for the preparation of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) was investigated. The effects of the Ca/Si ratio on the foaming effect, bulk density and mechanical strength, mineral composition, pore structure and microstructure were studied. The results show that the increase of the Ca/Si ratio enhanced the early foaming effect. AAC with an optimum Ca/Si ratio of 0.92 had a compressive strength and bulk density of 3.1 MPa and 535 kg/m³, respectively, meeting the national standards (GB/T 11968-2020) of grade A2.5 and B05. The increase of the Ca/Si ratio significantly reduced the number of pores with a pore size greater than 60 μm. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that an elevated Ca/Si ratio will change the shape and crystallinity of tobermorite.     

台阶式溢洪道掺气水流水深的试验研究

根据紊流边界层理论,整理分析了前人对台阶式溢洪道掺气位置的研究成果,提出了掺气发生点的计算方法。通过模型试验,研究了坡度分别为30°、51．3°、60°台阶式溢洪道上掺气水深的分布规律。研究结果表明当台阶尺寸一定时,掺气水深主要与堰上流能比、台阶坡度、台阶以上总水头有关;流能比越小,单宽流量越小,台阶上的水层越薄,掺气越充分,相对掺气水深越大;随着坡度的变陡,来流速度增加,掺气发生点前移,水流破碎严重,水深增加越大;沿程相对掺气水深随流程的增加而增加。     

基于加气水滴灌的土壤环境调节机理研究

土壤是粮食安全、水安全和更广泛的生态系统安全的基础.我国水资源贫乏,且分布不均.传统农业采用的大水漫灌方式用水量大,还会破坏土壤团粒结构,造成土壤板结、土地盐碱化等土壤退化现象.地下滴灌技术节水效果明显,水的有效利用率超过95%;但也会在一定程度上破坏土壤结构.研究表明,使用加气水滴灌不但能增加作物产量,还能提高作物品质.本文综述了滴头埋深、加气滴灌频率、灌水量、植物生育期、加气方式与设备等几个因素对加气水滴灌效果的影响,总结了加气水滴灌对土壤水环境、气环境、微生物环境、营养环境和矿物环境的影响规律,并提出加气水滴灌对土壤环境的调节机理.加气水滴灌会改变土壤结构,其水、气、微生物、营养和矿物质等土壤环境的变化一方面是土壤结构变化的结果,另一方面又会促进土壤结构的变化.同步辐射X射线计算机断层扫描的原位实验结果也证实了加气水滴灌能改变土壤的结构.     

蒸压加气混凝土在乏燃料容器坠落工况下的减振性能分析

在核电厂燃料厂房结构安全性分析中需考虑乏燃料容器坠落所产生的巨大冲击作用的影响,在坠落位置铺设蒸压加气混凝土砌体作为减振层是一种有效的结构防护方法．为了确定合理的减振层厚度并评价其减振效果,本文首先应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA对蒸压加气混凝土砌块的落锤冲击试验进行了有限元模拟,标定了蒸压加气混凝土的MAT96材料模型参数;再通过对减振层缩尺试验的模拟,验证了模拟方法的可行性;最终建立了燃料厂房分层壳模型,模拟设置不同厚度的减振层时乏燃料容器坠落对燃料厂房的冲击响应,并从坠落处楼板冲击力、混凝土应变、跨中挠度以及乏燃料水池加速度响应方面对厂房结构的安全性进行分析．分析结果表明：乏燃料容器坠落时,铺设1 m、2 m厚度的蒸压加气混凝土减振层后,减振效果显著：楼板冲击力分别减小71.5%和76.4%,楼板混凝土破坏明显减轻,跨中挠度明显减小,乏燃料水池竖向加速度峰值分别削减29.2%和43%;同时,2 m厚的减振层并未取得1 m厚度减振层2倍的减振效果．     

新型污泥陶粒-曝气生物滤池对喷水织造废水的处理研究

以污泥∶底泥∶粉煤灰=5∶3∶2、烧制温度1 130 ℃、保温时间20 min制备污泥陶粒（sewage sludge ceramsite,SSC）,SSC粗糙多孔,内部孔隙率和孔容分别为36.5%和0.243 2 cm³·g^-1,适合微生物的吸附与固定。基于SSC构建了曝气生物滤池（SSC-BAF）,并与基于市售陶粒（commerically ceramsite,CTC）构建的曝气生物滤池（CTC-BAF）进行了对比,研究了在不同气水比和水力停留时间下SSC-BAF反应器对喷水织造废水的处理情况。根据COD、石油类、浊度的去除效果,确定了SSC-BAF反应器的最佳气水比为5∶1,水力停留时间为6 h,此时对COD、石油类、浊度的去除率分别为86.87%,89.91%,96.70%,优于CTC-BAF对COD、石油类、浊度的去除率85.28%,86.76%,96.17%。     

Acoustical properties of aerated autoclaved concrete

This work analyses acoustic qualities of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Three the most widely used types of AAC are chosen for the analysis: gas cement concrete, gas cement concrete with combined binder (Portland cement and lime), and foam cement concrete. The procedure and technique of the materials’ formation is presented in this work. The evaluation of acoustic qualities of AAC is based on the material’s air permeability and porosity (i.e., ratio of the volume of the interconnected pores to the total volume of pores). For this purpose the measurements obtained by an acoustic interferometer are used. The results of the experiment show that regression equations for the AAC types, which density ranges from 250 to 500 kg/m³, may be used to estimate the materials’ normal incidence absorption coefficient values, which depend on the air permeability and porosity. Results show that absorption coefficient of not specially treated AAC is rather low. According to the measurements obtained in a special reverberation room of 202 m³, a sound absorption coefficient may increase up to 0.6, provided that slits of Helmholtz resonator’s type are made in the slabs of AAC gas cement concrete with combined binder.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中的汞

本文提出的在聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料中测定汞的方法是将样品溶解在苯中，以Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３溶液反洗出汞，利用反洗液中Ｎａ２Ｓ２Ｏ３作基体改进剂，石墨炉原子吸收法测定汞，方法简便，快速，特征量为８０ｐｇ／０．００４４Ａ。本法分析样品与冷原子荧光法的结果一致，相对标准偏差≤８％，回收率９２％－１０２％。     

曝气生物滤池中有机物降解的动力学特性研究

推导了上向流曝气生物滤池处理分散型生活污水的有机物去除动力学模型,并在一定水力负荷范围内对动力学参数进行了率定。研究表明,当反应器尺寸确定时,有机质降解与进水有机物浓度、水力负荷及滤料高度有关。通过实验验证发现,该模型能够较为准确地预测出水水质,可以为优化处理工艺提供进一步参考。     

Two-dimensional problem of the impact of a vertical wall on a layer of a partially aerated liquid

The two-dimensional unsteady problem of the impact of a vertical wall on a layer of a liquid which is mixed with air near the wall and does not contain air bubbles away from the wall is solved in a linear approximation. The gas-liquid mixture is modeled by a homogeneous, ideal, and weakly compressible medium with a reduced sound velocity dependent on the air concentration in the gas-liquid mixture. Outside the gas-liquid layer, the liquid is considered ideal and incompressible. During the initial stage of the impact, the liquid flow and the hydrodynamic pressure are determined using the linear theory of the potential motion of an inhomogeneous liquid. The dependence of the amplitude of the impact pressure along the wall on the air concentration in the gas-liquid layer and on the thickness of this layer is investigated. For a small relative thickness of the layer, the thin-layer approximation is used. It is shown that the solution of the original problem tends to the approximate solution as the thickness of the layer decreases. It is shown that the presence of the gas-liquid layer leads to wall pressure oscillations. Estimates are obtained for the pressure amplitude and the oscillation period. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 5, pp. 34–46, September–October, 2006.