Space-time aspects of superconductivity

A set of electromagnetic responses of superconductivity, [A] the zero-resistivity and [B] the perfect diamagnetism, has been reconsidered both electrodynamically and quantum mechanically. We point out an equivalence between the London gauge with the boundary condition or his “rigidity” of wave function and the phase locking in the BCS-type macroscopic wave function Φ_macro or the Ginzburg- Landau order parameter at T= 0 K. By reexamining the macroscopic wave function of condensed pairs Φ_macro at the ground state with the Josephson concept of coherent phase locking and the energy spectrum of quasi-particle excitation, we realize that the electric response [A] and magnetic response [B] can be decoupled and separable as independent with each other in the limits of an electrostatic field and of a uniform magnetic field rather than in an electrodynami-cal consideration. They are equally substantial in the physics of superconductivity. We recognize first a proper view to simultaneously account for [A] the zero-resistivity and [B] the perfect diamagnetism in the space-time aspects. By supplementing these space-time aspects with a concept of the gauge field theory, we can reach a further consistent and finally complete understanding of the theory of superconductivity.