云南几次中强地震热红外异常特征对比研究

云南省位于多个地块交界处，构造活动活跃且地震活动频发。利用中国静止气象卫星风云二号系列相当黑体温度TBB数据，应用小波变换和相对傅氏功率谱的时频相对功率谱方法（T-F RPS），提取并分析了云南省2008年至今发生的5.5级以上地震热红外异常信息，且对比分析了特征周期、特征幅值、异常形态、异常演化过程等参数。结果表明：（1）该系列地震热红外异常信息易于用时频相对功率谱方法（T-F RPS）提取识别，且异常特征具有"出现-扩大-减小-消失"的规律；（2）异常特征周期和持续时间也具有一定的规律性；（3）异常沿着断层延展，震中位于异常边缘一侧或者异常区域交汇地带，发震时刻多位于相对功率谱幅值下降阶段；（4）震级与相对功率谱峰值有一定的相关性，震级高，峰值也较高；（5）地震类型与异常面积有一定的相关性，双震型地震异常面积较大。此外，讨论了地震热红外异常与构造活动、气候状况、天气情况和季节等因素的关系。     

A New Early Devonian Radiolarian Genus From Western Yunnan

A new radiolarian genus, Eoalbaillella belonging to Albaillellidae Deflandre emend. Holdsworth, is proposed from the Early Devonian in Western Yunnan, Southwestern China. Its test is composed of an imperforate lamellar shell and an elongate triangular framework, of which the upper part is enclosed by the lamellar shell and the lower part, without the shell, has the shape of the letter X. The relations between new genus and other radiolarian genera are studied and the type species of the genus is described.     

Assessing Earthquake Forecast Performance Based on b Value in Yunnan Province,China

Many studies have shown that b values tend to decrease prior to large earthquakes. To evaluate the forecast information in b value variations, we conduct a systematic assessment in Yunnan Province, China, where the seismicity is intense and moderate–large earthquakes occur frequently. The catalog in the past two decades is divided into four time periods (January 2000–December 2004, January 2005–December 2009, January 2010–December 2014, and January 2015–December 2019). The spatial b values are calculated for each 5-year span and then are used to forecast moderate-large earthquakes (M ≥ 5.0) in the subsequent period. As the fault systems in Yunnan Province are complex, to avoid possible biases in b value computation caused by different faulting regimes when using the grid search, the hierarchical space–time point-process models (HIST-PPM) proposed by Ogata are utilized to estimate spatial b values in this study. The forecast performance is tested by Molchan error diagram (MED) and the efficiency is quantified by probability gain (PG) and probability difference (PD). It is found that moderate–large earthquakes are more likely to occur in low b regions. The MED analysis shows that there is considerable precursory information in spatial b values and the forecast efficiency increases with magnitude in the Yunnan Province. These results suggest that the b value might be useful in middle- and long-term earthquake forecasts in the study area.     

Simultaneous quantification of both triterpenoid and steroidal saponins in various Yunnan Baiyao preparations using HPLC–UV and HPLC–MS

Yunnan Baiyao (YNBY) is one of the best known traditional Chinese medicines. Saponins are considered to be its active components. In this study, an HPLC method was first developed for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of thirteen saponins, including five triterpenoid saponins and eight steroidal saponins, in a series of YNBY preparations, i. e., powder, capsules, aerosol, toothpaste, plaster, and adhesive bandage. The pre‐treatment methods for each dosage form were investigated and optimized. The HPLC separation was performed on a Shim‐pack C₁₈ reversed‐phase column in gradient mode with UV detection at 203 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r² ? 0.9981) within the test ranges. Precisions and repeatabilities of the methods were better than 4.22 and 4.78%, respectively. Recoveries were better than 90.5%, even in the analysis of the least abundant saponins in a complex YNBY plaster. HPLC–ESI‐TOF/MS was used for definite identification of compounds in the preparations. This proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the 13 bioactive constituents in 27 commercial samples to evaluate the quality of YNBY preparations. The overall results demonstrate that this method is simple, reliable, and suitable for the quality control of YNBY. Furthermore, the retention behavior of these saponins in reversed‐phase chromatography is described.     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定云南野生菌中甲拌磷及其代谢物

建立了云南野生菌中甲拌磷及其代谢物残留量的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定方法。野生菌样品经1%HAc-乙腈提取后,利用PSA填料净化,过滤膜后分析,正离子多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量。甲拌磷及其代谢物在0.05~5.0μg/L浓度范围内具有较好线性关系,检出限范围为0.008~0.08μg/kg,定量限范围为0.03~0.30μg/kg。在3个加标浓度下,平均回收率范围为73.3%~98.5%,相对标准偏差范围为4.4%~9.9%。该方法能够满足云南野生菌中甲拌磷及其代谢物残留分析的要求。     

ICP-MS用于云南南部四种特色蜂蜜的植物源鉴别分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术结合化学计量学分析技术对采自云南南部的四种特色蜂蜜中的23种矿物元素进行了分析。结果表明：ICP-MS技术测定蜂蜜中多种矿物元素含量的稳定性、精确度较好,回收率较高;23种矿物元素中有21种元素(Na,Mg,K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Sr,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba,Tl,Pb)在不同蜂蜜品种间存在显著差异;主成分分析结果显示,前4个主成分的累积方差贡献率达到77.74%,第一主成分中的Mg,Ca,Mn,Co,Sr,Cd,Ba 七种元素包含大部分蜂蜜信息;通过逐步判别分析,Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Sr, Pb共七种元素被筛选出来并用于建立判别函数模型,对所建模型进行回代检验和交叉检验,正确判别率分别为90%和86.7%,表明多元素指标对云南南部四种特色蜂蜜植物源的判别效果较好。鉴于所采蜂蜜样品都来自云南南部,气候和土壤等环境条件类似,四种蜂蜜中矿质元素的差异主要与对应的蜜源植物有关,因此,利用矿质元素差异鉴别蜂蜜植物源具有可行性。     

ICP-AES检测云南稻核心种质矿质元素含量的地带性特征

采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定了云南省5个稻作区16个州市的789份地方水稻糙米中的八种矿质元素, 该方法简单快速、灵敏度高、准确性好和多元素同时测定, 加标回收率为97.1%～110.2%, RSD为0.7%～4.4%。结果表明: 糙米元素含量(mg·kg-1)依次为P(3834.83±486.49)>K(2567.72±336.74)>Mg(2567.72±336.74)>Ca(153.67±55.90)>Zn(33.35±13.65)>Fe(32.08±25.51)>Cu(14.22±11.85)>Mn(13.58±3.22); 世界生物多样性最丰富及有色金属富集的滇西北糙米P含量高,早寒武纪动物群及磷矿富集的滇中糙米Ca,Mg,Fe和Zn含量高,作物多样性突出的滇西南糙米Cu和Mn含量高; 糙米高磷钾、中钙镁锰和低铁锌分布区是世界生物多样性最丰富及矿产资源富集区。首次提出云南糙米矿质元素含量的地带性特征与生物多样性中心、矿产资源富集区、生命起源及其山脉、河流有关;进一步推断地球矿质元素分布不均匀性及其山脉、河流的相互作用是生命起源的关键。文章研究为解决人类Fe,Zn和Ca等矿质营养不良和生命起源问题以及功能稻米育种生产提供参考。     

PETROLOGY OF BLUESCHIST IN WESTERN YUNNAN PROVINCE,CHINA,AND ITS TECTONIC SIGNIFICANCE

The blueschists in western Yunnan Province are distributed in Lancangjiang and Ailaoshan metamorphic belts and occur as interlayer in green schist and mica schist. Their protolith is basaltic and pelitic rocks with a mineral assemblage of Cr (or Win)+Ab+Qz+Chl+Ph+Ep+Sph+Act and Gl+Ph+Tc+Ep+Alm+Qz+Do, respectively. The P-T conditions of blueschist metamorphism range from 170—443℃ at c. 4—6. 7 kbar. The origin of blue schist of the Lancangjiang belt is related to the subduction and the close of the paleo-Tethys oceanic basin. The Ailaoshan blueschist, however, may be related to the continent continent collision and the dynamic metamorphism.     

THE LATERAL INHOMOGENEITY IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Images of the velocity cross--section at 10 different depths in Yunnan Province have been suc-cessfully reconstructed, using the principle and method of seismic tomography (ST). These velocitycoss-sections are consistent with the results of six velocity profiles of deep seismic sounding. The reconstruction method of ST used in this paper has two advantages: (i) The velocity modeli determined by spe cifying node--velocities of hexahedron and linear interpolation through knownbasic function. A velocity field with lateral continuous velocity value and vertical discontinuitiesis established. This model is obviously better than the block model of constant velocity. The verticaldiscontinuities allow the model to simulate velocity discontinuities in the crust and upper mantle. (ii)The velocity and hypocenter parameters are separated by introducing an orthogonal projection oper-ator. Sequential orthogonal triangularization and modified singular decomposition are adopted.These measures reduce the RAM requirement