首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   2646篇
  免费   551篇
  国内免费   425篇
化学   1754篇
晶体学   50篇
力学   55篇
综合类   17篇
数学   54篇
物理学   1692篇
  2024年   19篇
  2023年   47篇
  2022年   159篇
  2021年   131篇
  2020年   179篇
  2019年   121篇
  2018年   119篇
  2017年   144篇
  2016年   155篇
  2015年   120篇
  2014年   230篇
  2013年   220篇
  2012年   161篇
  2011年   176篇
  2010年   117篇
  2009年   142篇
  2008年   164篇
  2007年   143篇
  2006年   120篇
  2005年   110篇
  2004年   90篇
  2003年   102篇
  2002年   87篇
  2001年   91篇
  2000年   111篇
  1999年   67篇
  1998年   52篇
  1997年   36篇
  1996年   33篇
  1995年   33篇
  1994年   27篇
  1993年   15篇
  1992年   19篇
  1991年   11篇
  1990年   15篇
  1989年   5篇
  1988年   9篇
  1987年   4篇
  1986年   2篇
  1985年   8篇
  1984年   9篇
  1983年   2篇
  1982年   5篇
  1981年   5篇
  1980年   1篇
  1979年   3篇
  1977年   1篇
  1976年   1篇
  1974年   1篇
排序方式: 共有3622条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
The effective propagation rate constant (kp; averaged over all the propagating active centers) was characterized for solvent‐free cationic photopolymerizations of phenyl glycidyl ether over the entire range of conversions, including the high conversion regime in which mass transfer limitations become important. The profile for the kp as a function of conversion was found to exhibit a constant plateau value at low to intermediate conversions, followed by a monotonic increase above a threshold value of conversion. To explain this trend, it is proposed that at high conversion the diffusional mobility of the photoinitiator counterion is reduced whereas the mobility of the cationic active center remains high because of reactive diffusion. Therefore, with increasing conversion, the average distance between the active centers and counterions may increase, resulting in an increase in the propagation rate constant. The profiles for the kp values were investigated as a function of the temperature, photoinitiator anion, and photoinitiator concentration. As the photoinitiator concentration was increased, the plateau value of the effective propagation rate constant decreased whereas the threshold conversion increased. All of the experimental trends are consistent with the proposed increase in ion separation at high conversions. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 4409–4416, 2004  相似文献   
2.
In order to improve quantification of high mass ions, the influence of cluster composition on detection efficiencies has been studied using a TOF-SIMS IV with the extended capability of postaccelerating ions up to 20 keV. In this experimental study, we focus on the comparison of detection efficiencies for three types of negatively charged secondary cluster ions: gold-alkanethiolate-clusters (AuxMy), gold-sulfur-clusters (AuxSy) and gold-clusters (Aux). The clusters were sputtered from self-assembled monolayers of hexadecanethiols on gold substrates using 10 keV Ar+ primary ions. The detection efficiencies were derived on the basis of a function for the secondary electron yield and a fourth-order approximated Poisson probability distribution for electron propagation and amplification within the microchannel plate.In addition to the well-known dependence of detection efficiencies on ion mass and energy, which has already been studied for positively charged ions, we were able to show a similar behaviour for the investigated negatively charged secondary ions. We have observed major variations among the three types of clusters at similar mass and energy as predicted in a theoretical approach. The observed differences are due to the different composition of the investigated clusters which has a major influence on the kinetic ion induced electron emission within the microchannel plate. For the first time it was possible to experimentally verify these predictions for detection efficiencies.  相似文献   
3.
Amorphous (a-) Fe x Mg1?x alloys are interesting materials for the investigation of non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations. We have prepared a-Fe x Mg1?x alloy thin films (0.3 ≤ × ≤0.7) by vapour quenching. The amorphous state was confirmed by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy between 4.2–300 K, and the x- and temperature-dependence of the isomer shift and hyperfine magnetic field was measured. For x= 0.6 and 0.7, magnetic ordering occurs below ~150 K. The atomic vibrational density of states, g(E), was determined by nuclear resonant inelastic scattering, providing clear evidence for the non-Debye-like low-energy vibrational excitations.  相似文献   
4.
A new photoresponsive D-π-A dye, mPS, has been designed and synthesized.Compared to the parent dye PS, IPCE values in the region from 400 nm to 560 nm was greatly improved upon changing the attaching group from the p- position to the o- position of the π-conjugation bridge. A solar cell based on mPS generated a remarkably high overall yield η of 5.4% under irradiation of 80.0 mW cm^-2 white light from a Xe lamp, Compared with PS, the overall yield η increased by 64%.  相似文献   
5.
楚艳萍  王红涛 《数学季刊》2006,21(3):455-460
In this paper, a model of translation gateway is proposed. The communications between IPv4 network and IPv6 network are realized by using the Microsoft intermediate driver technology in environment of Windows 2000.  相似文献   
6.
Capabilities of the imaging techniques, in which X-rays are converted to electrons and then the emitted electrons are registered by means of an electron microscope, are analyzed, the focus being on the factors limiting lateral resolution at the stage of electron emission. Bearing in mind the tendency to use harder synchrotron X-rays for some combined X-ray-electron microscopy methods, calculations were made for two significantly different X-ray energies: E = 1.828 keV (K-edge of Si) and E = 11.923 keV (L3-edge of Au). By using Monte Carlo simulations of the electron trajectories beneath the surface of the sample we show that the radius of the spot from which photoelectrons are emitted could be as small as 1 nm. However, when proper account is taken of an entire electron cascade associated with the re-building of electron shells after photoelectron emission, spots more than one order of magnitude larger result, limiting the best lateral resolution to 20–30 nm.  相似文献   
7.
In this study, the viscoelastic phase separation process was studied further by time‐resolved light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy in the system of poly(ether imide)‐modified bisphenol‐A dicyanate. It was observed that the evolution time of phase structure and relaxation time of diffusion flow of the bisphenol‐A dicyanate were similar with the phase diagram of curing conversion versus content of PEI. The results suggested that the viscoelastic phase separation was affected by the curing conversion of the system at the onset point of phase separation. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 517–523, 2006  相似文献   
8.
单个波长到多个波长的变换实验   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
余建军  管克俭 《光子学报》1998,27(8):729-733
报道一种波长变换的新方法.采用此方法不需要任何泵浦光便能够直接将信号光变换成在特定谱宽内的任意多个任意波长的变换光,这对于将来的波分复用光网络提供了较大的方便.此波长变换的原理是利用色散位移光纤的非线性效应产生超连续光谱(SC)信号,由于这种SC信号携带有变换光信号,对这种连续谱进行滤波便能够得到所需要的任意频率的变换信号.此变换方式具有变换频带宽,偏振不敏感的优点。  相似文献   
9.
A study was carried out on the composition and nature of the stabilizing additive on the activity of nickel-containing composites based on zirconia in the methane steam conversion. The methane conversions were 91–99% on Ni/ZrO2(Y, Sc, Ce) at 700–800 °C.  相似文献   
10.
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号