全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8442篇 |
免费 | 646篇 |
国内免费 | 503篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 5417篇 |
晶体学 | 47篇 |
力学 | 424篇 |
综合类 | 124篇 |
数学 | 683篇 |
物理学 | 2896篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 18篇 |
2023年 | 239篇 |
2022年 | 380篇 |
2021年 | 322篇 |
2020年 | 283篇 |
2019年 | 216篇 |
2018年 | 196篇 |
2017年 | 343篇 |
2016年 | 352篇 |
2015年 | 329篇 |
2014年 | 448篇 |
2013年 | 531篇 |
2012年 | 419篇 |
2011年 | 539篇 |
2010年 | 429篇 |
2009年 | 549篇 |
2008年 | 496篇 |
2007年 | 517篇 |
2006年 | 452篇 |
2005年 | 394篇 |
2004年 | 380篇 |
2003年 | 262篇 |
2002年 | 197篇 |
2001年 | 163篇 |
2000年 | 146篇 |
1999年 | 135篇 |
1998年 | 126篇 |
1997年 | 142篇 |
1996年 | 132篇 |
1995年 | 70篇 |
1994年 | 57篇 |
1993年 | 51篇 |
1992年 | 35篇 |
1991年 | 30篇 |
1990年 | 35篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 25篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 16篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 8篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1974年 | 3篇 |
1973年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有9591条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
5-Perfluorophenyl 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazoles were synthesized from 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction of perfluorobenyl 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazone and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds or acrylonitrile in THF or water. It was worthy to note that better results were obtained when water was employed as the solvent, which was considered as an effective, economic and environmentally friendly method to synthesize these pyrazole derivatives. 相似文献
2.
Vincent Maurice 《Surface science》2005,581(1):88-104
STM, STS, LEED and XPS data for crystalline θ-Al2O3 and non-crystalline Al2O3 ultra-thin films grown on NiAl(0 0 1) at 1025 K and exposed to water vapour at low pressure (1 × 10−7-1 × 10−5 mbar) and room temperature are reported. Water dissociation is observed at low pressure. This reactivity is assigned to the presence of a high density of coordinatively unsaturated cationic sites at the surface of the oxide film. The hydroxyl/hydroxide groups cannot be directly identify by their XPS binding energy, which is interpreted as resulting from the high BE positions of the oxide anions (O1s signal at 532.5-532.8 eV). However the XPS intensities give evidence of an uptake of oxygen accompanied by an increase of the surface coverage by Al3+ cations, and a decrease of the concentration in metallic Al at the alloy interface. A value of ∼2 for the oxygen to aluminium ions surface concentration ratio indicates the formation of an oxy-hydroxide (AlOxOHy with x + y ∼ 2) hydroxylation product. STM and LEED show the amorphisation and roughening of the oxide film. At P(H2O) = 1 × 10−7 mbar, only the surface of the oxide film is modified, with formation of nodules of ∼2 nm lateral size covering homogeneously the surface. STS shows that essentially the valence band is modified with an increase of the density of states at the band edge. With increasing pressure, hydroxylation is amplified, leading to an increased coverage of the alloy by oxy-hydroxide products and to the formation of larger nodules (∼7 nm) of amorphous oxy-hydroxide. Roughening and loss of the nanostructure indicate a propagation of the reaction that modifies the bulk structure of the oxide film. Amorphisation can be reverted to crystallization by annealing under UHV at 1025 K when the surface of the oxide film has been modified, but not when the bulk structure has been modified. 相似文献
3.
This research extends previous work with dynamic models to manage groundwater quality by using the consumptive nitrate use rate instead of the nitrate application rate. The analysis indicates that misspecification results in overestimation of economic benefits, and supra-optimum nitrogen fertilizer application rates and groundwater nitrate stocks at a steady state. 相似文献
4.
Real-time packet traffic is characterized by a strict deadline on the end-to-end time delay and an upper bound on the information loss. Due to the high correlation among consecutive packets, the individual packet loss does not well characterize the performance of real-time packet sessions. An additional measure of packet loss is necessary to adequately assess the quality of each real-time connection. The additional measure considered here is the average number of consecutively lost packets, also called the average packet gap. We derive a closed form for the average packet gap for the multiclassG/G/m/B queueing system in equilibrium and show that it only depends on the loss behavior of two consecutive packets. This result considerably simplifies the monitoring process of real-time packet traffic sessions. If the packet loss process is markovian, the consecutive packet loss has a geometric distribution. 相似文献
5.
剑桥中学证书国际物理实验考试介绍 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
介绍了剑桥大学地方考试联合会制定的普通水平学校证书国际考虑大纲对高中学生物理实验技能的要求。分析了剑桥国际物理实验考试和实验试题的特点。 相似文献
6.
属性区间识别理论模型研究及其应用 总被引:15,自引:3,他引:12
根据程乾生教授创立的属性识别理论模型[1] ,提出了属性测度区间的概念 ,建立了属性区间识别理论模型 ,并在自然科学学术期刊质量评价中进行了应用 . 相似文献
7.
从大型复杂武器装备系统的具体特点出发,运用基于神经网络的评价方法,构建了大型复杂武器装备质量综合评价模型。实证分析的结果表明该方法得出的结果与实际情况相符。 相似文献
8.
The electron-stimulated desorption (ESD) of D− and H− ions from condensed D2O and H2O films is investigated. Three low-energy peaks are observed in the ESD anion yield, which are identified as arising from excitation of 2B1, 2A1 and 2B2 dissociative electron attachment (DEA) resonances. Additional structure is observed between 18 and 32 eV, which may be due to ion pair formation or to DEA resonances involving the 2a1 orbital. The ion yield resulting from excitation of the 2B1 resonance increases as the film is heated. We attribute the increase in the ion yield to thermally induced hydrogen bond breaking near the surface, which enhances the lifetimes of the excited states that lead to desorption. 相似文献
9.
教学质量的时齐马尔可夫链评估法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文研究了教学质量评估中的一种定量分析方法──时齐马尔可夫链评估法.阐明了这种方法的理论依据及其实施程序、并指出它较之其他教学质量评估法更显合理. 相似文献
10.
蒋忠樟 《数学的实践与认识》2007,37(15):174-179
实对称正定矩阵的复合矩阵正定性的研究已有结论,但对于一般意义下的正定矩阵的复合矩阵是否仍然是正定的研究需要利用一般的正定矩阵的标准形的复合矩阵进行讨论,给出了一般公式及具体算法,为讨论其复合矩阵的正定性提供了基础条件. 相似文献