排序方式: 共有6条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1
1.
Bruno Galvan 《Journal of statistical physics》2008,131(6):1155-1167
An extension of the Born rule, the quantum typicality rule, has recently been proposed [B. Galvan in Found. Phys. 37:1540–1562 (2007)]. Roughly speaking, this rule states that if the
wave function of a particle is split into non-overlapping wave packets, the particle stays approximately inside the support
of one of the wave packets, without jumping to the others.
In this paper a formal definition of this rule is given in terms of imprecise probability. An imprecise probability space is a measurable space
endowed with a set of probability measures ℘. The quantum formalism and the quantum typicality rule allow us to define a set of probabilities
on (X
T
,ℱ), where X is the configuration space of a quantum system, T is a time interval and ℱ is the σ-algebra generated by the cylinder sets. Thus, it is proposed that a quantum system can be represented as the imprecise stochastic process
, which is a canonical stochastic process in which the single probability measure is replaced by a set of measures. It is
argued that this mathematical model, when used to represent macroscopic systems, has sufficient predictive power to explain
both the results of the statistical experiments and the quasi-classical structure of the macroscopic evolution. 相似文献
2.
Yves Cadot Soline Caillé Alain Samson Gérard Barbeau Véronique Cheynier 《Analytica chimica acta》2012
Phenolics are responsible for important sensory properties of red wines, including colour, astringency, and possibly bitterness. From a technical viewpoint, the harvest date and the maceration duration are critical decisions for producing red wine with a distinctive style. But little is known about the evolution of phenolics and of their extractability during ripening to predict the composition of the wine and related sensory properties. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the sensory profile of the wines and (i) the ripening stage of the berries (harvest date) and (ii) the extraction time (maceration duration). 相似文献
3.
4.
Vijay Balasubramanian Bartłomiej Czech Veronika E. Hubeny Klaus Larjo Mukund Rangamani Joan Simón 《General Relativity and Gravitation》2008,40(9):1863-1890
In systems with a large degeneracy of states such as black holes, one expects that the average value of probe correlation
functions will be well approximated by the thermal ensemble. To understand how correlation functions in individual microstates
differ from the canonical ensemble average and from each other, we study the variances in correlators. Using general statistical
considerations, we show that the variance between microstates will be exponentially suppressed in the entropy. However, by
exploiting the analytic properties of correlation functions we argue that these variances are amplified in imaginary time,
thereby distinguishing pure states from the thermal density matrix. We demonstrate our general results in specific examples
and argue that our results apply to the microstates of black holes. 相似文献
5.
Bruno Galvan 《Foundations of Physics》2007,37(11):1540-1562
Bohmian mechanics represents the universe as a set of paths with a probability measure defined on it. The way in which a mathematical
model of this kind can explain the observed phenomena of the universe is examined in general. It is shown that the explanation
does not make use of the full probability measure, but rather of a suitable set function deriving from it, which defines relative
typicality between single-time cylinder sets. Such a set function can also be derived directly from the standard quantum formalism,
without the need of an underlying probability measure. The key concept for this derivation is the quantum typicality rule, which can be considered as a generalization of the Born rule. The result is a new formulation of quantum mechanics, in which
particles follow definite trajectories, but which is based only on the standard formalism of quantum mechanics. 相似文献
6.
This study addresses the measures chosen by students when selecting or constructing indices to properties of distributions of data. A series of individual teaching experiments were conducted to provide insight into the development of five 4th to 8th grade students’ conceptualizations of distribution over the course of 8 weeks of instruction. During the course of the teaching experiment (emergent) statistical tasks and analogous teacher activities were created and refined in an effort to support the development of understanding. In the process of development, attempts were made by students to coordinate center and variability when constructing measures to index properties of distributions. The results indicate that consideration of representativeness was a major factor that motivated modification of approaches to constructing indices of distributions, and subsequent coordination of indices of variation and center. In particular, the defining features of student's self-constructed “typical” values and notions of spread were examined, resulting in a model of development constituting eight “categories” ranging from the construction of values that did not reflect properties of the data (Category 1) to measures employing conceptual use of the mean in combination with other indices of center and spread (Category 8). 相似文献
1