光度检测离子色谱法测定大豆中的植酸

本文介绍了用光度检测离子色谱法分离分析植酸的适宜条件。以NaNO_3和HNO_3为淋洗液,用磺基水杨酸和三氯化铁为柱后衍生试剂,使用国产YSA型阴离子分离柱分离和测定了大豆中的植酸,得到满意的结果。     

Evaluation of soybean seed protein extraction focusing on metalloprotein analysis

Two methods of protein extraction for soybean seeds were evaluated in terms of preservation of the metal ions bound to proteins after the extraction and separation procedures. The proteins were firstly separated according to their molar masses by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, the protein bands were mapped by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence in order to establish which metal ions were present in each one. Finally, some mapped protein bands were decomposed by microwave-assisted combustion and Ca, Cu, K, Mg, Mn, and Zn were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The extraction methods studied were Method A (based on the treatment of ground soybean seeds with hexane and their extraction with Tris–HCl and β-mercaptoethanol) and Method B (based on the treatment of ground soybean seeds with petroleum ether and their extraction with Tris–HCl, dithiothreitol, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, sodium dodecyl sulfate and potassium chloride). The best method was Method B, in which a 78% higher extraction efficiency was obtained when compared to Method A. Additionally, the metal-protein interactions were more appropriately preserved when Method B was applied, where the most affected ions were those that are bound weakly to proteins, such as Ca, K, and Mg.     

Analysis in protein profile,antioxidant activity and structure-activity relationship based on ultrasound-assisted liquid-state fermentation of soybean meal with Bacillus subtilis

This study investigated effects of ultrasound on the contents of peptide and soluble protein, antioxidant activity, functionalities and structural characteristics of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with Bacillus subtilis systematically. The results showed that there were significant effects of ultrasound treatments (frequency, treatment time and power density) on the contents of peptide and soluble protein (p < 0.05). Under the optimum ultrasound conditions (power density of 0.08 W/mL, frequency of 33 kHz and treatment time of 1 h) by single factor experiment, the contents of peptide and soluble protein increased by 31.27% and 18.79% compared to those of the control, respectively. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant activity (•OH scavenging rate, Fe²⁺ chelating capacity and DPPH radical scavenging rate) and functional properties (emulsifying activity and emulsifying stability) of FSBM were found to be noticeably improved by ultrasound (p < 0.05). The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy revealed that ultrasound caused protein molecules to unfold with a decrease content of α-helix and β-turn and an increase in the proportion of β-sheet and random coil. Besides, atomic force microscope (AFM) results indicated that ultrasonication generally increased the surface roughness of protein and the protein sonicated with higher frequency (≥33 kHz) exhibited a greater height compared to lower frequency ultrasonication. Structure-activity relationship analysis illustrated that there was a good linear relationship between •OH scavenging rate and β-sheet/β-turn with Pearson’s correlation coefficient r of −0.86/0.90. Collectively, the selection of ultrasonic parameters is essential for the preparation of functional protein and bioactive peptide by enhancing fermentation of agroindustrial by-products.     

HPLC法测定豆制品中游离异黄酮的含量

利用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对豆制品中的大豆黄素和染料木素的含量进行测定,从而研究豆制品加工中的游离大豆异黄酮分布情况。     

太赫兹光谱技术用于干旱胁迫下大豆冠层含水量检测研究

近年来水资源短缺问题日益严重,部分地区由于农业灌溉用水不足导致庄稼减产农民利益受损。大豆是一种需水量较大的农作物,一旦水分亏缺将直接影响大豆植株的形态和生长发育,从而造成大豆品质降低和产量减少。大豆叶片的水分状况可真实地反映植株水分受土壤水分亏缺的影响程度,因此,大豆冠层叶片水分含量的快速获取成为一种需要。太赫兹辐射在水中的强烈衰减使其成为一种非常灵敏的非接触式探针,可以快速、无损地检测叶片含水量。因此基于太赫兹光谱这一新技术进行大豆冠层叶片含水量的检测研究,用于实时监测田间大豆的健康状况。实验选用中黄13号大豆进行栽培,为尽可能模拟田间不同程度的干旱胁迫状况,将开花期大豆进行5个不同梯度：正常供水、轻度干旱胁迫、中度干旱胁迫、重度干旱胁迫、严重干旱胁迫(分别占田间最大持水量的80%,65%,50%,35%,20%)的水分灌溉,每个梯度设置3个重复。利用人工称重法与便携式土壤水分速测仪结合将土壤含水量调控到各水分梯度要求。然后,将实验大豆植株运回实验室并利用透射式太赫兹时域光谱仪进行样本扫描,每个梯度采集18片冠层叶片,共90个样本,以2∶1的比例分为校正集和预测集。在获取各样本时域光谱数据后,根据Dorney和Duvillaret提出的模型进行了光学参数的提取,得到各样本的吸收系数谱以及折射率谱。定性分析了太赫兹时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率随水分胁迫程度不同的变化情况。实验发现：随着水分胁迫程度的降低,时域光谱的峰值呈不断衰减趋势,且均低于空白参考峰值,同时有明显的时间延迟。吸收系数值随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低;折射率值同样随干旱胁迫程度的加剧逐渐降低。并利用偏最小二乘(PLS)和多元线性回归(MLR)方法定量研究了时域光谱、吸收系数、折射率光谱数据与叶片含水率的相关关系。结果表明,太赫兹波对大豆叶片水分差异十分敏感,基于时域光谱最大值和最小值的MLR预测精度最高,预测集相关性(r_p)达-0.939 3,均方根误差(RMSEP)为0.049 5。研究表明太赫兹光谱技术应用于大豆冠层叶片含水量观测具有良好的可行性,为开展大豆冠层含水量信息快速获取,实现科学节水管理与灌溉决策提供了新的检测手段和实验依据。     

黄豆铁蛋白提取新方法及其与豌豆铁蛋白活性比较

铁蛋白是广泛存在于动物、微生物及植物体中的一种铁贮藏蛋白, 具有去除二价铁的毒性以及调节机体细胞铁代谢平衡的作用. 本文以黄豆种子为原料, 开发出黄豆铁蛋白提取新方法, 即将黄豆粗提液在55 ℃下加热15 min, 再将冷却后的上清液分别用500 mmol/L MgCl2和700 mmol/L柠檬酸三钠进行盐析. 离心得到的铁蛋白粗提液经透析后, 用DEAE-cellulose弱阴离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-300凝胶过滤层析进一步分离, 得到电泳纯的铁蛋白. Native-PAGE电泳测得分子量约为560000, SDS-PAGE电泳结果表明, 黄豆铁蛋白含有两种亚基, 分子量分别为28000和26500. 活性研究显示, 黄豆铁蛋白与豌豆铁蛋白铁氧化沉淀和还原释放反应的活性明显不同.     

高效液相色谱法检测保健食品中大豆异黄酮含量

建立了保健食品中大豆异黄酮的高效液相色谱检测方法 ,通过正交试验法得出保健食品中大豆异黄酮的最佳水解条件为 :盐酸浓度2.0mol/L,酸体积40mL ,水解温度80℃ ,水解时间3h;采用HypersilODS2C18 色谱柱 (250mm×4.6mmID ,5μm) ,流动相为甲醇 -水(体积比47∶53) ,流速1.0mL/min ,检测波长260nm ,柱温40℃ ,线性范围在0.5～96mg/L ,相关系数r为0.999 ,相对标准偏差 (RSD)2.09% ,回收率在98.5 %～100.5 %。     

Biosurfactant Production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> Grown in Residual Soybean Oil

Pseudomonas aeruginosa PACL strain, isolated from oil-contaminated soil taken from a lagoon, was used to investigate the efficiency and magnitude of biosurfactant production, using different waste frying soybean oils, by submerged fermentation in stirred tank reactors of 6 and 10 l capacities. A complete factorial experimental design was used, with the goal of optimizing the aeration rate (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 vvm) and agitation speed (300, 550, and 800 rpm). Aeration was identified as the primary variable affecting the process, with a maximum rhamnose concentration occurring at an aeration rate of 0.5 vvm. At optimum levels, a maximum rhamnose concentration of 3.3 g/l, an emulsification index of 100%, and a minimum surface tension of 26.0 dynes/cm were achieved. Under these conditions, the biosurfactant production derived from using a mixture of waste frying soybean oil (WFSO) as a carbon source was compared to production when non-used soybean oil (NUSO), or waste soybean oils used to fry specific foods, were used. NUSO produced the highest level of rhamnolipids, although the waste soybean oils also resulted in biosurfactant production of 75–90% of the maximum value. Under ideal conditions, the kinetic behavior and the modeling of the rhamnose production, nutrient consumption, and cellular growth were established. The resulting model predicted data points that corresponded well to the empirical information.     

微波消解-分光光度法测定大豆中的硼量

研究了分光光度法测定大豆中的硼时样品的微波消解方法。建立了合理的分析步骤。进行了微波消解条件的选择及方法的精密度、准确度试验。试验结果表明:消解完全仅需20 min,相对标准偏差均小于7.6%,其方法的加标回收率为92%~105%。     

Determination of betaines in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry--application to the detection of olive oil adulteration with seed oils

A CE–tandem mass spectrometry (MS²) methodology enabling the simultaneous determination of betaines (glycine betaine, trigonelline, proline betaine and total content of carnitines) in vegetable oils was developed. Betaines were derivatized with butanol previous to their baseline separation in 10 min using a 0.1 M formic acid buffer at pH 2.0. Ion trap conditions were optimized in order to maximize the selectivity and sensitivity. Analytical characteristics of the proposed method were established by evaluating its selectivity, linearity, precision (RSDs ranged from 4.8 to 10.7% for corrected peak areas) and accuracy by means of recovery studies (from 80 to 99%) and LODs and LOQs at 0.1 ppb level. The method was applied for the determination of the selected betaines in seed oils and extra virgin olive oils. MS² experiments provided the fingerprint fragmentation for the betaines identified in vegetable oils. In extra virgin olive oils, carnitines were not detected, making it possible to propose them as a feasible novel marker for the detection of adulterations of olive oils. Application of the developed method for the analysis of different mixtures of extra virgin olive oil with seed oil (between 2 and 10%) enabled the detection and quantitation of the total content of carnitines. The results obtained show the high potential of the developed method for the authentication and quality control of olive oils.