空间斜程能见度的影响因素分析

 空间斜程能见度是空间目标识别的重要参量。水平能见度与大气消光参数有明确的关系，而斜程能见度与大气消光参数、观测方向、太阳天顶角等多种因素有关，目前尚未有明确的结果。从辐射传输理论出发，通过δ-Eddington近似求解辐射传输方程，尝试推导了空间斜程能见度的表达式，探讨了斜程能见度与观察者视角、太阳高度角以及大气光学特性之间的关系。     

Optimal Path Planning Based on Visibility

Various problems associated with optimal path planning for mobile observers such as mobile robots equipped with cameras to obtain maximum visual coverage of a surface in the three-dimensional Euclidean space are considered. The existence of solutions to these problems is discussed first. Then, optimality conditions are derived by considering local path perturbations. Numerical algorithms for solving the corresponding approximate problems are proposed. Detailed solutions to the optimal path planning problems for a few examples are given.     

横向位移双曝光散斑图维纳谱的信息分布

讨论了横向位移双曝光散斑图维纳谱的信息分布，并由此导出杨氏纹图的一般表达式。讨论了条纹可见度与应变，面内转动，照明光束直径与条纹图图空间坐标的关系，指出了在条纹可见度影响下最大可见条纹数目。还讨论了散斑衬比与衍射晕的关系。     

透射式跑道能见度激光测量仪的研究

介绍了一种利用激光测量跑道水平及斜视能见度的智能化仪器。该仪器主要由光学系统、信号放大与处理系统及显示系统三部分组成。简要介绍了该仪器的基本结构、工作原理和主要技术指标，讨论了其中的技术难点及其相应的解决办法。     

气溶胶前向散射大气能见度测量系统传递系数的标定及校准方法

分析了气溶胶的前向角散射特性,利用标准的大气透射仪标定前向散射大气能见度测量系统的传递系数。当系统结构发生变化时,传递系数也随之改变,为保证系统测量的准确性和简化系统传递系数的标定过程,提出了一种利用标准漫透射板校准系统传递系数的方法。该方法使用了两块具有相同透射系数的漫透射板,使气溶胶粒子团在前向半球上产生漫散射,此时探测器的测量值即为包含了仪器常数的定值。当系统结构改变时,这个测量值相对于原测量值的变化率作为比例系数代入系统传递系数的计算,实现校准。     

用于反演半导体激光云高仪垂直能见度的算法

根据云高仪工作原理,从米散射激光雷达方程出发,推导出一种低层大气中气溶胶消光系数边界值的获取方法,并在此基础上利用Fernald方法反演得到了大气消光系数的垂直分布;通过垂直路径上的消光系数反演得到垂直路径的平均能见度,结果表明,该平均能见度更接近垂直方向真实的能见度。用该算法处理了半导体激光云高仪实际测量的数据,并与Vaisala云高仪测量的垂直能见度进行了对比,结果表明:该算法在反演大气垂直能见度时具有较高的准确性和可靠性。     

一种改进的夜间数字能见度测量方法

为降低背景光噪声对数字摄像法夜间能见度测量的不确定性影响,对双光源法能见度测量系统进行改进。该系统利用避光筒限制CCD相机视场角,拍摄2个位于不同距离的LED背光源,然后对摄取到的图像进行处理得到光源图像的灰度值,再根据阿拉德定律求得大气消光系数,计算出大气能见度值。通过在无背景光、有背景光未加避光筒和加避光筒3种条件下的比对实验,分析光源图像的灰度信息,并将实验结果进行处理,得出有避光筒和无避光筒时测得的能见度值与无背景光下测量结果的相关系数分别是0.911 3和0.322 7,均方根相对偏差分别是6.87% 和23.38%。结果表明:系统抑制背景光噪声的能力明显增强,能较准确地测量夜间能见度。     

Partially coherent vortex beams propagating through slant atmospheric turbulence and coherence vortex evolution

Using the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle and the quadratic approximation of the phase structure function, and taking the Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) vortex beam as a typical example of partially coherent vortex beams, the explicit expressions for the cross-spectral density function and average intensity of GSM vortex beams with topological charge m=+1 propagating through slant atmospheric turbulence are derived, and used to study the propagation properties of GSM vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence along a slant path and evolution behavior of coherence vortices. It is shown that the spreading of GSM vortex beams along a horizontal path is larger than that along a slant path in the long atmospheric propagation. The propagation through horizontal atmospheric turbulence can be treated as a special case of the altitude-independent structure constant. The position of coherence vortices in slant atmospheric turbulence does not coincide with that in horizontal atmospheric turbulence, and the dependence of position of coherence vortices on the zenith angle, wavelength and reference point is illustrated by numerical examples. A comparison with the previous work is also made.     

An efficient meshfree point collocation moving least squares method to solve the interface problems with nonhomogeneous jump conditions

We are going to study a simple and effective method for the numerical solution of the closed interface boundary value problem with both discontinuities in the solution and its derivatives. It uses a strong‐form meshfree method based on the moving least squares (MLS) approximation. In this method, for the solution of elliptic equation, the second‐order derivatives of the shape functions are needed in constructing the global stiffness matrix. It is well‐known that the calculation of full derivatives of the MLS approximation, especially in high dimensions, is quite costly. In the current work, we apply the diffuse derivatives using an efficient technique. In this technique, we calculate the higher‐order derivatives using the approximation of lower‐order derivatives, instead of calculating directly derivatives. This technique can improve the accuracy of meshfree point collocation method for interface problems with nonhomogeneous jump conditions and can efficiently estimate diffuse derivatives of second‐ and higher‐orders using only linear basis functions. To introduce the appropriate discontinuous shape functions in the vicinity of interface, we choose the visibility criterion method that modifies the support of weight function in MLS approximation and leads to an efficient computational procedure for the solution of closed interface problems. The proposed method is applied for elliptic and biharmonic interface problems. For the biharmonic equation, we use a mixed scheme, which replaces this equation by a coupled elliptic system. Also the application of the present method to elasticity equation with discontinuities in the coefficients across a closed interface has been provided. Representative numerical examples demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed methodology for the closed interface problems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 31: 1031–1053, 2015     

部分相干光在大气湍流中斜程传输路径上的展宽与漂移

基于Andrews和Philips经典漂移方差模型,利用部分相干高斯-谢尔光束在大气湍流中斜程传输的光束扩展半径,推导出考虑外尺度情况时部分相干高斯-谢尔光束斜程情况下的漂移方差表达式,应用随高度变化的大气结构常量模型进行数值计算,对比分析了部分相干光和完全相干光在大气湍流中的展宽和漂移特性.结果表明:相同的传输条件下,部分相干光比完全相干光的光束扩展更迅速,受湍流的影响也更小;初始半径越大,接收机高度越高,光束的扩展效应越小;随着传输距离的增大,光束的质心漂移方差随光束初始半径的增大而减小,不同相干性的光束漂移方差变化很小;完全相干光的光束漂移受波长的影响较小,而部分相干光的波长越长,漂移越明显.