用等厚干涉测定液体折射率

介绍一种采用等厚干涉原理测定液体折射率的简单可靠的方法。     

旧式大型工具显微镜数显化

大型工具显微镜是用途较广的精密长度计量仪器,主要用于测量螺纹中径、圆柱的直径等。目前实验室和工厂现有的仪器属50年代生产的老型号产品,用目视螺旋测微鼓上的刻度读数,人工记录和处理数据,测量时费时费工。针对大型工具显微镜数显化的问题,阐述了光栅、光电显微镜、单片机、新型传感器在数显上的应用。利用新技术和新型传感器改造老设备,使其实现数字化和智能化,以提高测量效率和测量精度。改造的结果表明,改造后的仪器测量效率大大提高,精度可提高一个数量级。     

S-(N-(Thiocarbamoyl)benzimido)-dithiocarbamidsäureester

Zusammenfassung Die Synthese der Titelverbindungen3 (R ¹=R ²=C₂H₅;n-C₄H₉) durch Reaktionen von N-(N,N-Diethylthiocarbamoyl)-benzimidoylchlorid (2) mit Natriumdialkyldithiocarbamaten (1) in Aceton wird beschrieben. Die niedrigen Ausbeuten (bis 25% d.Th.) sind durch Nebenreaktionen bedingt. Die Strukturen der Verbindungen werden durch IR-,¹H-NMR-,¹³C-NMR-und Massenspektren bestätigt. Nebenreaktionen werden¹³C-NMR-spektroskopisch verfolgt und die Ergebnisse diskutiert.

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S-(N-(thiocarbamoyl)benzimido)dithiocarbamic esters

Summary The synthesis of the title compounds3 (R ¹=R ²=C₂H₅;n-C₄H₉) by reactions of N-(N,N-diethylthiocarbamoyl)benzimidechloride (2) with sodiumdialkyldithiocarbamates (1) in acetone is described. The low yields (<25%) are caused by the occurrence of side reactions. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR,¹H and¹³C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Side reactions were detected by¹³C NMR spectroscopy; the results are discussed.

     

STATISTICS OF A NOVEL CLASS OF LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS

A novel class of the liquid crystal polymers with mesogens laterally attached to flexible main chain backbones has been synthesized recently by us. While the flexible backbones tend to take configuration of maximum entropy the mesogenic side groups tend to orientate because of the anisotropie soft dispersion forces. A mean field theory is presented to describe the competition between these two trends which makes it possible for this class of polymers to show anisotropic (liquid crystal) phase within certain temperature range where the polymer main chains and the side chain mesogens will take approximately parallel arrangement, which is different from the normal side chain liquid crystal polymers. The temperature range of the liquid crystal phase, its ordering and phase transition all depend on the flexibility of the backbone, the strengthof the anisotropic forces of the side groups and the hinge elasticity. The results show that the liquid crystalisotropic phase transition is of the first order. The phase diagram, i. e. the dependence of the transition temperature on the structure of the polymers is also given.     

物理化学课程“热化学”主题学习历程研究——化学师范生知识建构的文本分析

为深入了解地方性师范院校化学师范生知识建构习惯和水平，探讨他们在大学专业基础课程中的学习历程，以物理化学课程中以“融合科学读写特色”的“热化学”学案作为研究载体，研究对象在学案引导下开展自学活动，并在阅读教材和文献基础上进行科学写作。采用量表工具针对大学生自学效果和反思活动进行评价，并采用SOLO分类评价科学写作作品，采用KWL工具评价学生的科学阅读收获。结果发现研究对象学习动机不强，不擅长在新的学科知识学习中联系已有专业课程知识，基于文本学习的建构活动水平极低，可能是因为他们在应试背景下的基础知识并未形成体系，先修课程中并未培养元认知学习策略。     

视频图像记录判读系统

光电经纬仪的摄影胶片图像和CCD摄像机的视频图像的数字化处理是兵器试验靶场中始终未能很好解决的问题。主要源于两个问题:一是视频图像的数字化采集和转换;二是数字图像的自动处理。介绍了根据靶场广泛应用的光学图像记录、判读需求而研制的视频图像记录判读系统,并对所采用的视频图像实时存储技术、字符识别技术、目标识别与定位技术等几项主要的关键技术进行了说明,并给出了应用结果。结果表明,图像采集记录灵活方便,速度快,不丢帧;目标图像处理精度高,实时性强,自动处理能力好,使光测数据处理的精度和效率都有了很大的提高。     

糖果——化学甜蜜的一面——2014年美国国家化学周活动介绍

介绍2014年美国国家化学周--"糖果--化学甜蜜的一面",其中以实验活动作为重点,对科学阅读、未来化学家等活动板块作简要介绍。同时,针对各个活动予以简要评析,得出对我国化学教学的几点启示:(1)关注食品科学的发展;(2)注重科学阅读的融入;(3)体现实验设计的多元化;(4)重视非正式学习与正式学习的结合;(5)体现"化学服务于生活"的思想。     

Zincophilic Interfacial Manipulation against Dendrite Growth and Side Reactions for Stable Zn Metal Anodes

Constructing multifunctional interphases to suppress the rampant Zn dendrite growth and detrimental side reactions is crucial for Zn anodes. Herein, a phytic acid (PA)-ZnAl coordination compound is demonstrated as a versatile interphase layer to stabilize Zn anodes. The zincophilic PA-ZnAl layer can manipulate Zn²⁺ flux and promote rapid desolvation kinetics, ensuring the uniform Zn deposition with dendrite-free morphology. Moreover, the robust PA-ZnAl protective layer can effectively inhibit the hydrogen evolution reaction and formation of byproducts, further contributing to the reversible Zn plating/stripping with high Coulombic efficiency. As a result, the Zn@PA-ZnAl electrode shows a lower Zn nucleation overpotential and higher Zn²⁺ transference number compared with bare Zn. The Zn@PA-ZnAl symmetric cell exhibits a prolonged lifespan of 650 h tested at 5 mA cm⁻² and 5 mAh cm⁻². Furthermore, the assembled Zn battery full cell based on this Zn@PA-ZnAl anode also delivers decent cycling stability even under harsh conditions.     

Synthesis of a new tricyclic 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine system from 2-(azidomethyl)nicotinonitriles

2-Methyl-3-cyanopyridines were converted into the corresponding 2-azidomethyl derivatives, which then underwent an intramolecular cycloaddition reaction. A novel heterocyclic system containing a 3-(tetrazol-5-yl)pyridine unit was obtained in this way.     

直读光谱法测定铅基合金中铅砷钙铜锑硒锡

叙述了应用直读光谱仪测定蓄电池用铅基合金的方法及效果,其精密度和准确度完全能满足同行业生产和科研需要。