笙的簧片物理参数与音色相关性的初步研究

为了改善笙的声音品质,本文研究了笙的簧片物理尺度与笙的音色之间的相关性。在提出笙的物理模型并验证其有效性的基础上,固定音高,改变簧舌的厚度、长度以及缝隙宽度,合成一组笙的声样本。通过对偶比较法以及多维尺度法分析笙的音色空间,根据簧舌参数及音色特征量解释该音色空间的物理意义,并从发声原理比较簧舌参数对音色的作用。结果表明,音高一定时,簧舌宽度对音色的作用可忽略,厚度(及长度)和缝隙宽度对音色的作用相似,但影响方式不同。改变簧舌物理参数所形成的二维音色空间与声音的对数起振时间、频谱丰富性以及频谱不规则度有关。起振特征与频谱丰富性特征存在共变关系,通过改变这两个特征,能够改变音色的明亮度和柔软度。     

Acoustics of Chinese woodwind reed instrument Sheng

I.IntroductionTheancientfolkwindinstrumentShengwasfounda1readyintheShangDynasty3000yearsago.AtraditionalShenghasl7bambooreed-pipes.IthasbeendevclopedintothepresentShengwithdifferentkindsofstructure.TherichsoundofShengisbri1liantandhar-monious.ThespecialityofShengisthatsevera1tonescanbep1ayedinharmonyandsomechords.Inthispaperitisana1yzedthattheprincip1esandacousticcharacteristicsofShengbasedonthe17lreed-pipeSheng.II.Acousticequiva1cntcircuitInFig.lisshowna17rced-pipeShengwithnames0fvari…     

Chinese Physics C Subject Index to Vol.38(2014)

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Author Index Vol.32,Nos.1-12,2014

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东晋道士发明火药新说

唐代道士最先发明火药的说法似乎已为学界所普遍接受.但是通过对东晋道教炼丹经诀<太上八景四蕊紫浆五珠降生神丹方经>的研究,发现还在东晋时,道士炼丹配方中所用的雄黄、雌黄、硝石和薰陆香等粉末状药物,事实上就已经包含了传统火药中"一硝、二黄、三木炭"的基本组成成份,而且为了防止爆炸的发生,道士们还有意采取了多种防范措施.这表明最初的火药雏形似可上溯至东晋甚至更早,从而有可能改写唐代火药发明说这一影响巨大的结论,并将火药的发明时间至少提前约550年.     

Comparative analysis of the main bioactive components of Xin‐Sheng‐Hua granule and its single herbs by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Xin‐Sheng‐Hua granule, a representative formula for postpartum hemorrhage, has been used clinically to treat postpartum diseases. Its main bioactive components comprise aromatic acids, phthalides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and gingerols among others. To investigate the changes in main bioactive constituents in its seven single herbs before and after compatibility, a rapid, simple, and sensitive method was developed for comparative analysis of 27 main bioactive components by using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem mass spectrometry for the first time. The sufficient separation of 27 target constituents was achieved on a Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD column (100 mm × 3 mm, 1.9 μm) within 20 min under the optimized chromatographic conditions. Compared with the theoretical content, the observed content of each analyte showed remarkable differences in Xin‐Sheng‐Hua granule except thymine, p‐coumaric acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, and ligustilide; the total contents of 27 components increased significantly, and the content variation degrees for the different components were gingerols > flavonoids > aromatic acids > alkaloids > phthalides. The results could provide a good reference for the quality control of Xin‐Sheng‐Hua granule and might be helpful to interpret the drug interactions based on variation of bioactive components in formulae.     

SCIENCE CHINA Chemistry SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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