Optical absorption spectra of linear and cyclic thiophenes—selection rules manifestation

We theoretically study the size-dependent relation between absorption spectra of thiophene-based oligomers and the corresponding cyclothiophenes. In our approach based on a Frenkel exciton Hamiltonian, we demonstrate that the geometry and selection rules determine the observed relations between the spectra.     

Charge transfer excitons: dynamic theory of vibronic spectra

The vibronic spectra of charge transfer excitons (CTE) in a molecular one-component or alternatingly ordered two-component chain are treated in the framework of a dynamic approach (neglecting thermal excitations of the intramolecular vibrations). The model introduces two mechanisms of coupling between CTEs and vibrational quanta: (1) shift of the equilibrium positions of the nuclei in the ionized donor or acceptor; (2) change of the vibrational frequency in the ionized molecule. This model allows to generalize the simple CTE Hamiltonian and the vibronic Hamiltonian of Frenkel excitons. The linear optical susceptibility is calculated in the vibronic region (one CTE and one vibrational quantum). The double splitting of vibronics of CTEs was analyzed: (1) the splitting connected with the location of the intramolecular vibration on the donors or on the acceptors; (2) the splitting connected with the symmetry of the vibronic spectra (in the degenerate case). The general structure of the vibronic spectra of CTEs is established. It contains structureless absorption lines, which correspond to two-particle bands (the phonon is excited on a neutral molecule neighboring the donor or the acceptor) and Lorentz-type lines of one-particle states, which correspond to the bound propagation of the CTE and the phonon.     

Physical grounds of high-sensitive room temperature detection of infrared radiation involving spherical excitons at impurities in crystals

The possibility of the IR-radiation detecting in crystals of direct-gap semiconductors, caused by effects of IR-quenching of probe visible-range radiation within the region of a crystal relative transparency, is studied both theoretically and experimentally. The comparison of some mechanisms investigated allows to conclude that the most probable explanation of the IR-quenching effect, experimentally observed in the CdS crystal, is the mechanism of probe radiation absorption with photon energy deficit with respect to exciton resonance, which is eliminated due to exchange interaction of a free exciton in the intermediate state with spherical excitons localized on manyelectron atoms of impurity.     

Excitonic detectors of infrared and submillimeter radiation

The theory of new type detectors based on the quenching of secondary emission in direct-gap semiconductors (lines of Raman light scattering due to interaction between free and bound excitons in the crystal, and also bands of edge radiation) caused by IR or submillimeter radiation is proposed. The results obtained are confirmed by the experiment performed for CdS crystal excited by ultraviolet radiation of mercury lamp, at liquid helium temperature.     

Movement and amplification of exciton condensed phase pulses and interaction between pulses in semiconductor quantum wells

Formation and movement of an exciton pulse in an inhomogeneous potential are studied. It is shown that the pulse does not blur and the maximum of the exciton density in the pulse remains constant during the exciton lifetime if the pulse is formed from the condensed phase. The path, traversed by the excitons, can be increased by imposing an additional laser pulse on the system. Thereby, such a system can be used for information transmission over the exciton condensed phase.     

Multi‐Pathway Excited State Relaxation of Adenine Oligomers in Aqueous Solution: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Study

The singlet excited states of adenine oligomers, model systems widely used for the understanding of the interaction of ultraviolet radiation with DNA, are investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and time‐dependent (TD) DFT calculations. Fluorescence decays, fluorescence anisotropy decays, and time‐resolved fluorescence spectra are recorded from the femtosecond to the nanosecond timescales for single strand (dA)₂₀ in aqueous solution. These experimental observations and, in particular, the comparison of the fluorescence behavior upon UVC and UVA excitation allow the identification of various types of electronic transitions with different energy and polarization. Calculations performed for up to five stacked 9‐methyladenines, taking into account the solvent, show that different excited states are responsible for the absorption in the UVC and UVA spectral domains. Independently of the number of bases, bright excitons may evolve toward two types of excited dimers having π–π* or charge‐transfer character, each one distinguished by its own geometry and spectroscopic signature. According to the picture arising from the joint experimental and theoretical investigation, UVC‐induced fluorescence contains contribution from 1) exciton states with a different degree of localization, decaying within a few ps, 2) “neutral” excited dimers decaying on the sub‐nanosecond timescale, being the dominant species, and 3) charge‐transfer states decaying on the nanosecond timescale. The majority of the photons emitted upon UVA excitation are related to charge‐transfer states.     

有机半导体非平衡态HOMO和LUMO能量位移规律与OLED中“热激子”形成的唯象理解

以能斯特方程为基础, 通过分析电流密度与氧化还原物种活度变化, 即载流子浓度变化的关系, 计算出有机半导体材料电极电势的变化, 从而建立起有机半导体前线轨道, 即最高占据分子轨道(HOMO)能级和最低未被占据分子轨道(LUMO)能级相对于热力学平衡态的能量位移随电流密度变化的数学关系. 进而依据能级能量位移引起的能隙变化, 提出了有机电致发光显示器（OLED）中“热激子”的产生机制.     

UV spectra and excitation delocalization in DNA: influence of the spectral width.

The singlet excited states of the model DNA duplex (dA)10.(dT)10 are studied. Calculations are performed in the exciton theory framework. Molecular dynamics calculations provide the duplex geometry. The dipolar coupling is determined using atomic transition charges. The monomer transition energies are simulated by Gaussian functions resembling the absorption bands of nucleosides in aqueous solutions. Most of the excited states are found to be delocalized over at least two bases and result from the mixing of different monomer states. Their properties are only weakly affected by conformational changes of the double helix. On average, the highest oscillator strength is carried by the upper eigenstates. The duplex absorption spectra are shifted a few nanometers to higher energies with respect to the spectra of noninteracting monomers. The states with larger spatial extent are located close to the maximum of the absorption spectrum.     

Application of the photon's intrinsic flux to the 1s‐2p and 2p‐3d excitonic transitions in nanostructures

We have applied our two recent results [depending on its helicity photon carries a quantum flux of ± Φ ₀ = ± hc/e and the quantized magnetic fluxes through the electronic orbits of the Dirac hydrogen atom are given by: Φ (n,l,m_j) = (n‐l‐m_j)Φ₀) ] to the 1s‐2p and 2p‐3d excitonic transitions in nanostructures. It is shown that the flux changes for the non‐zero matrix elements in the 1s‐2p and 2p‐3d excitonic transitions is either ± Φ₀ or zero. The present result supports the previous results stated above. It is also shown that spin flip is possible in the 1s‐2p and 2p‐3d excitonic transitions.