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1.
C.T. Hsieh 《Applied Surface Science》2005,252(5):1899-1909
A magnetic force microscopy is used to examine the domain walls in nickel and cobalt films deposited by argon ion sputtering. Thin nickel films deposited at high substrate temperatures exhibit coexistent Bloch and Neel walls. Films grown at room temperature display alternative Bloch lines with cap switches. These films agglomerate to form grains after annealed at high temperatures. The film composed of larger grains behaves better nucleation implying magnetic domains of closure, while the film composed of smaller grains exhibits more defects implying alternative Bloch lines. We have also observed domain displacements and cap switches, which occur due to precipitation of particles in small grain size films. Stripe domains are observed for film thicknesses larger than 100 nm. They become zigzag cells when an external field of 1.5 T is applied perpendicular to the surface of the films. This experiment indicates that the domain sizes in thin films and the strip widths for thick films both depend on the square-root of the film thickness, which varies from 5 to 45 nm and from 100 to 450 nm, respectively. 相似文献
2.
B. Hillebrands P. Baumgart G. Güntherodt 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》1989,49(6):589-598
We give an overview on our experimental and theoretical investigations of Brillouin light scattering in magnetic thin films, layered magnetic structures and superlattices. For epitaxial Fe(1 10) layers on W(1 10) the in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic surface anisotropy constants are determined, and the influence of Pd overlayers on the surface anisotropies is studied. For Fe/Pd superlattices a magnetic polarization of the Pd at the interfaces is established and the interface anisotropy constant is determined. For second order Fe/Pd superlattices, formed by alternating two Fe/Pd bilayers with different repeat periods, the Brillouin spectrum is obtained and compared to calculations. In the case of magnetic/nonmagnetic multilayered structures we investigate theoretically the crossing regime between dipolar and exchange-dominated modes. For small spacer-layer thicknesses, interlayer exchange coupling shifts the spin-wave frequencies of all but the highest-frequency dipolar mode into the exchange-mode regime. In case of all-magnetic multilayered structures, such as Fe/Ni multilayers, a new type of propagating collective excitations arising from coupled exchange modes is predicted. 相似文献
3.
V. Parfait-Pignol G. Le Caër R. Delannay 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》1998,4(4):499-511
The topological and metric properties of a few natural 2D random cellular structures, namely an armadillo shell structure
and young soap froths, which are formed from two classes of cells, large and small, have been characterized. The topological
properties of a model generated from a Kagome tiling, which mimics such random binary structures, have also been exactly calculated.
The distribution of the number of cell sides is bimodal for the structures investigated. In contrast to the classical Aboav-Weaire
law for homogeneous 2D random cellular structures, nm(n), the mean total number of edges of neighbouring cells of cells with n sides does not vary linearly with n. Only the nm(i, n) (i=1,2) determined separately for every class of cells are linear in n for all investigated structures. Topological properties and correlations between metric and topological properties are finally
compared with the predictions of various literature models.
Received: 24 December 1997 / Revised: 7 April 1998 / Accepted: 20 April 1998 相似文献
4.
Experiments by Gittings, Bandyopadhyay and Durian (Europhys. Lett. 65, 414 (2004)) demonstrate that light possesses a higher probability to propagate in the liquid phase of a foam due to total
reflection. The authors term this observation photon channelling which we investigate in this article theoretically. We first
derive a central relation in the work of Gitting et al. without any free parameters. It links the photon's path-length fraction f in the liquid phase to the liquid fraction ɛ. We then construct two-dimensional Voronoi foams, replace the cell edges by
channels to represent the liquid films and simulate photon paths according to the laws of ray optics using transmission and
reflection coefficients from Fresnel's formulas. In an exact honeycomb foam, the photons show superdiffusive behavior. It
becomes diffusive as soon as disorder is introduced into the foams. The dependence of the diffusion constant on channel width
and refractive index is explained by a one-dimensional random-walk model. It contains a photon channelling state that is crucial
for the understanding of the numerical results. At the end, we shortly comment on the observation that photon channelling
only occurs in a finite range of ɛ. 相似文献
5.
We have experimentally studied the dissociation/coalescence of internal Plateau borders (PBs) in simple monolayer bubble clusters, as a result of changing the liquid fraction. At large liquid content, the clusters consist of n bubbles of the same size, symmetrically placed around an internal n-sided PB (n-PB). On decreasing the liquid fraction we observed symmetry-breaking transitions in the 4- and 5-bubble clusters (but not in the 3-bubble cluster), followed by dissociation of the PBs. We used the Surface Evolver to determine the various equilibrium configurations of the corresponding two-dimensional wet clusters and their surface energies. The sequence of 4-bubble cluster configurations observed on varying the liquid fraction correlates qualitatively with that predicted on the basis of Surface Evolver calculations. The same is not true of the 5-bubble cluster. 相似文献
6.
Formation of the plasma potential in a plasma that contains energetic electrons and is bounded by a floating collector that
emits electrons is studied theoretically. The problem is treated by a static. kinetic plasma-sheath model of Schwager and
Birdsall [Phys. Fluids B2 (1990) 1057], which we have extended in order to include additional energetic electron population. The distribution of these
electrons is assumed to be a high-temperature Maxwellian. They are called hot electrons. In the paper we study effects of
the density and temperature of the hot electrons on the formation of the plasma potential. The model shows that for certain
densities and temperatures of the hot electron population plasmas with two different plasma potentials can coexist in the
system. These two plasmas are separated spatially by a double layer. For the case when there is no emission of electrons from
the collector, results of the model are compared with computer simulation and very good agreement between the model and the
simulation is found. The simulation also confirms existence of two plasmas with two different potentials separated by a double
layer. 相似文献
7.
8.
Bohn S 《The European physical journal. E, Soft matter》2003,11(2):177-189
We present an experimental and theoretical investigation
of a system composed of two soap bubbles strained between two
parallel solid surfaces. The two-bubble cluster can be found in
several configurations. The existence and stability of each of
these states is studied as a function of the distance between
the two facing surfaces. The change of this distance can induce
a transition from one configuration to another; we observe that
most transitions are subcritical, showing that the system is
often trapped in states where the minimum of free energy is only
local. The hysteretic transitions are responsible for the
dissipation of elastic energy. The existence of more than one
stable states for given boundaries conditions combined with the
absence of thermalization means that the history of the system
has to be taken into account and that there is no unique
stress-strain relation. In the present system, because of its
simplicity, a complete quantitative analysis of these general
processes is obtained. The presented results may contribute to a
better understanding of the dynamics of more complex systems
such as foams or granular materials where similar processes are
at work. 相似文献
9.
Josep Perelló 《Physica A》2007,383(2):480-496
Hedge Funds are considered as one of the portfolio management sectors which shows a fastest growing for the past decade. An optimal Hedge Fund management requires an appropriate risk metrics. The classic CAPM theory and its Ratio Sharpe fail to capture some crucial aspects due to the strong non-Gaussian character of Hedge Funds statistics. A possible way out to this problem while keeping the CAPM simplicity is the so-called Downside Risk analysis. One important benefit lies in distinguishing between good and bad returns, that is: returns greater or lower than investor's goal. We revisit most popular Downside Risk indicators and provide new analytical results on them. We compute these measures by taking the Credit Suisse/Tremont Investable Hedge Fund Index Data and with the Gaussian case as a benchmark. In this way, an unusual transversal lecture of the existing Downside Risk measures is provided. 相似文献
10.
Bounce-Averaged Acceleration of Energetic Electrons by Whistler Mode Chorus in the Magnetosphere
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We construct the bounce-averaged diffusion coefficients and study the bounce-averaged acceleration for energetic electrons in gyroresonance with whistler mode chorus. Numerical calculations have been performed for a band of chorus frequency distributed over a standard Gaussian spectrum specifically in the region near L = 4.5, where peaks of the electron phase space density occur. It is found that whistler mode chorus can efficiently accelerate electrons and can increase the phase space density at energies of about 1 MeV by more than one order of magnitude about one day, in agreement with the satellite observations during the recovery phase of magnetic storms. 相似文献