一种改进的无人机航空影像配准方法

针对目前无人机航空影像非同源、畸变大、处理量多的问题,提出一种改进的无人机航空影像配准方法。首先利用传统SIFT方法得到特征点,其次利用C均值聚类方法可实现准确的非监督分类的特点,对传统SIFT方法得到的特征点进行筛选,从而得出同名点。最后根据得到的同名点完成待匹配图像的投影变换完成配准。通过实验仿真证明该方法精度有较大提高,且可自适应处理不同图像,是一种有效的无人机航空影像匹配改良方法。     

Experimental investigation of the alpha-particles registration efficiency for CZ nuclear track detector

Some efforts have been attempted to determine the registration efficiency of alpha-particles by the CZ-type solid state track detector (SSTD). Our investigations show that CZ-detector is able to registrate notably low-energy alpha-particles inclined very small angles to detector surface with total growth of registration efficiency of 10–15%.     

光场相机中微透镜阵列与探测器配准误差分析

为了减少光场相机结构对光场图像数字对焦结果的影响,针对微透镜阵列为矩阵式排列的光场相机结构,定性分析了微透镜阵列与成像探测器之间的耦合距离误差、旋转角度误差和倾角误差这三个主要配准误差来源,分别提出了配准条件,并通过仿真实验加以验证。实验结果表明,当配准超出限制条件时,会导致对焦重构图像出现模糊、混叠等失真,缩小精确对焦的深度范围。     

A two-frame approach for scene-based nonuniformity correction in array sensors

This paper introduces a new scene-based technique to correct the fixed-pattern noise (FPN) in array sensors. This method registers a pair of image frames exhibiting small relative scene translation and then the noise pattern can be reconstructed using the constrained least-squares estimation. The key advantage of this technique is that the accurate estimates of the bias nonuniformity can be obtained with only two images, without imposing any assumptions on the structure of the FPN. Besides, the method works on almost static scene, and therefore does not require larger scale global motion and statistical assumptions on the scene irradiance. We test our method on synthetically generated FPN as well as with real infrared data, and experimental results demonstrate the significant reduction in FPN, validating the effectiveness of our approach. Finally, we validate the feasibility and validity of using the proposed method as a first step fostering the success of more sophisticated registration-based time-evolving correction algorithms.     

Correction of B0 susceptibility induced distortion in diffusion-weighted images using large-deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping

Geometric distortion caused by B0 inhomogeneity is one of the most important problems for diffusion-weighted images (DWI) using single-shot, echo planar imaging (SS-EPI). In this study, large-deformation, diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) algorithm has been tested for the correction of geometric distortion in diffusion tensor images (DTI). Based on data from nine normal subjects, the amount of distortion caused by B0 susceptibility in the 3-T magnet was characterized. The distortion quality was validated by manually placing landmarks in the target and DTI images before and after distortion correction. The distortion was found to be up to 15 mm in the population-averaged map and could be more than 20 mm in individual images. Both qualitative demonstration and quantitative statistical results suggest that the highly elastic geometric distortion caused by spatial inhomogeneity of the B0 field in DTI using SS-EPI can be effectively corrected by LDDMM. This postprocessing method is especially useful for correcting existent DTI data without phase maps.     

Dual-mode registration of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound combining tissue and contrast sequences

This study proposes a new method for automatic, iterative image registration in the context of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) imaging. By constructing a cost function of image registration using a combination of the tissue and contrast-microbubble responses, this new method, referred to as dual-mode registration, performs alignment based on both tissue and vascular structures. Data from five focal liver lesions (FLLs) were used for the evaluation. Automatic registration based on the dual-mode registration technique and tissue-mode registration obtained using the linear response image sequence alone were compared to manual alignment of the sequence by an expert. Comparison of the maximum distance between the transformations applied by the automatic registration techniques and those from expert manual registration reference showed that the dual-mode registration provided better precision than the tissue-mode registration for all cases. The reduction of maximum distance ranged from 0.25 to 9.3 mm. Dual-mode registration is also significantly better than tissue-mode registration for the five sequences with p  -values lower than 0.03$0.03$. The improved sequence alignment is also demonstrated visually by comparison of images from the sequences and the video playbacks of the motion-corrected sequences. This new registration technique better maintains a selected region of interest (ROI) within a fixed position of the image plane throughout the DCE-US sequence. This should reduce motion-related variability of the echo-power estimations and, thus, contribute to more robust perfusion quantification with DCE-US.     

Locally adaptive Nakagami-based ultrasound similarity measures

The derivation of statistically optimal similarity measures for intensity-based registration is possible by modeling the underlying image noise distribution. The parameters of these distributions are, however, commonly set heuristically across all images. In this article, we show that the estimation of the parameters on the present images largely improves the registration, which is a consequence of the more accurate characterization of the image noise. More precisely, instead of having constant parameters over the entire image domain, we estimate them on patches, leading to a local adaptation of the similarity measure. While this basic idea of creating locally adaptive metrics is interesting for various fields of application, we present the derivation for ultrasound imaging. The domain of ultrasound is particularly appealing for this approach, due to the inherent contamination with speckle noise. Furthermore, there exist detailed analyses of suitable noise distributions in the literature. We present experiments for applying a bivariate Nakagami distribution that facilitates modeling of several scattering scenarios prominent in medical ultrasound. Depending on the number of scatterers per resolution cell and the presence of coherent structures, different Nakagami parameters are required to obtain a valid approximation of the intensity statistics and to account for distributional locality. Our registration results on radio-frequency ultrasound data confirm the theoretical necessity for a spatial adaptation of similarity metrics.     

3-T MR-guided brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies

Gynecologic malignancies are a leading cause of death in women worldwide. Standard treatment for many primary and recurrent gynecologic cancer cases includes external-beam radiation followed by brachytherapy. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is beneficial in diagnostic evaluation, in mapping the tumor location to tailor radiation dose and in monitoring the tumor response to treatment. Initial studies of MR guidance in gynecologic brachytherapy demonstrate the ability to optimize tumor coverage and reduce radiation dose to normal tissues, resulting in improved outcomes for patients.     

空间外差光谱仪系统级平场校正方法研究

空间外差光谱仪单独进行面阵探测器校正无法满足系统级响应非一致性校正需求,传统均匀光源照射和列平场等方法对空间外差光谱仪并不适用。首先简要阐述了空间外差光谱仪传统挡光臂平场方法原理,指出传统挡光臂平场方法存在测量单臂数据在光栅胶合后与实际干涉数据不匹配的问题,不匹配形式包括像元级、亚像元级平移和旋转。针对实验室现有实验装置分析了平场系数配准精度的影响,通过分析单臂数据不同偏移量与光谱偏差之间的定量关系,得出本实验装置平场系数的配准精度需要优于0.1像元。根据配准需求,采用对数—极坐标变换求出旋转角度和相位相关方法进行像元级平移量计算,通过基于矩阵乘法的DFT实现亚像元级平移量的估算。最后总结了系统级平场方法的流程,利用实验室装置对空间外差光谱仪系统级平场方法进行了验证,通过对光栅位置的微量调整模拟实际胶合后干涉仪整体状态,对模拟胶合后数据采用平场校正流程与单臂数据完全匹配下校正后的光谱对比显示,二者之间光谱平均偏差为0.6%,与不校正时4.1%的光谱偏差相比,校正后光谱复原精度大大提高,为后续进一步数据处理奠定基础。     

Multiresidue analytical methods for the ultra-trace quantification of 33 priority substances present in the list of REACH in real water samples

Innovative and simultaneous multiresidue analytical methods of 33 multi-class pollutants in wastewaters, surface and ground waters, using solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) are presented. Target compounds include several groups of emerging and persistent contaminants derived from the European priority list of the registration evaluation and authorisation of chemicals system (REACH): organochlorine (8) and organophosphorus (2) pesticides, carbamates (2), fungicides (8), phthalates (2), alkylphenols (10) and bisphenol A.The recovery rates of the SPE gave levels ranged from 84 to 118% with exception of some compounds that yielded lower (methamidophos (50%), p,p′-DDT (60%) and o,p′-DDT (72%)) but all recoveries were acceptable. Low limits of detection (LOD) varied between 0.2 and 88.9 ng L⁻¹ (except for HPTE and 4n-octylphenol giving 161 and 220 ng L⁻¹, respectively). A study of matrix effects was performed in order to evaluate the best and reliable calibration approach.The developed analytical method was successfully applied to the analysis of the 33 substances in wastewater effluents as well as surface and ground waters. The most frequently detected families were alkylphenols and industrial endocrine disrupting compounds (phthalates and bisphenol A).